Solve 8c Stamp Problem with Recurrence Relation

Punkyc7
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Use a recurrence relation to find the number of ways that stamps that have a value of 1 cent , 2 cents and a 3 cents can add up to eight cents.

How exactly do you go about solving a problem like this without writing a program to find all the possibilities?

The answer given is 81, but I have know Idea how to get it.
 
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How would you interpret the coefficient of x^8 in the expansion of (x+x^2+x^3)^n?

RGV
 
Would that be the number of times a certain combination happens?
 
Prove $$\int\limits_0^{\sqrt2/4}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-x^2}}\arcsin\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)\left(x-1+x\sqrt{9-16x}\right)}{1-2x}} \, \mathrm dx = \frac{\pi^2}{8}.$$ Let $$I = \int\limits_0^{\sqrt 2 / 4}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-x^2}}\arcsin\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)\left(x-1+x\sqrt{9-16x}\right)}{1-2x}} \, \mathrm dx. \tag{1}$$ The representation integral of ##\arcsin## is $$\arcsin u = \int\limits_{0}^{1} \frac{\mathrm dt}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}, \qquad 0 \leqslant u \leqslant 1.$$ Plugging identity above into ##(1)## with ##u...
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