Relationship between velocity, acceleration, and a circle?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and circular motion, specifically analyzing a circle with a radius of 2m. The perimeter is calculated as 4π m, and the object moves at a speed of 1π m/s, completing a full rotation every 4 seconds. The participants clarify the calculation of changes in velocity (Δv) and emphasize that the equation for distance under constant acceleration cannot be applied due to the non-constant nature of acceleration in circular motion. The final consensus highlights the importance of accurately understanding the derivatives of position, velocity, and acceleration in this context.

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  • Understanding of circular motion and its properties
  • Familiarity with kinematic equations, specifically Δv = v1 - v0
  • Knowledge of derivatives in calculus, particularly relating to motion
  • Ability to interpret graphs of position, velocity, and acceleration
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  • Study the effects of non-constant acceleration in circular motion
  • Learn about the application of kinematic equations in varying acceleration scenarios
  • Explore the relationship between derivatives of position, velocity, and acceleration in depth
  • Investigate graphical representations of motion to better understand these concepts
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Students and professionals in physics, mathematics, and engineering who are looking to deepen their understanding of motion dynamics, particularly in circular contexts.

stvrbbns
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The perimeter of a circle is 2πR (R=radius). [ref]
Acceleration = Δv/Δt (v=velocity, t=time). [ref]
Motion mathematics can always be reduced to multiple independent one-dimensional motions. [ref]
The distance an object travels while accelerating = vit + at2/2 (a=acceleration, vi=initial velocity). [ref]
  1. If a circle centered at (0,0) has a radius of 2m, then it has a diameter of 4m and a perimeter of 4π m.
  2. If an object is moving clockwise around this circle once every 4 seconds, then that object has a speed of 1π m/s.
  3. At the top of the circle, the object has an (x,y) velocity of (π,0); let this be t0.
  4. At the right of the circle, the object has an (x,y) velocity of (0,-π); let this be t1.
  5. Δt = t1-t0 = 1 second.
  6. Δv = v1-v0 = (π,0) - (0,-π) = (-π,-π).
  7. a = (-π,-π) / second (for that particular time interval).
  8. So displacement on the X-axis = π m/s * 1 s + ( (-π m/s2) * (1s)2 / 2 ) = π m + -π/2 m = π/2 ...
But the object traveling the perimeter of the 2m-radius circle every 4 seconds should be at (2,0) 1 second after (0,2). What am I doing wrong - displacement, acceleration, or something else/more?

Thanks.

(other references)
- velocity calculator
- kinematic equations
 
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Δv = v1-v0 = (π,0) - (0,-π) = (-π,-π).
This is wrong.
Δv= (π,π). By basic arithmetic, your pies are positive. 0 - - π = π, and π - 0 = π
 
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stvrbbns said:
8. So displacement on the X-axis = π m/s * 1 s + ( (-π m/s2) * (1s)2 / 2 ) = π m + -π/2 m = π/2
You can only use the equation ## s = ut + \frac 12 a t^2 ## when acceleration is constant.
 
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Karmaslap said:
Δv = v1-v0 = (π,0) - (0,-π) = (-π,-π).
This is wrong.
Δv= (π,π). By basic arithmetic, your pies are positive. 0 - - π = π, and π - 0 = π
Thanks for catching that. I think that it should then be:
Δv = v1-v0 = (0,-π) - (π,0) = (-π,-π)
and that I had the v0 and v1 incorrectly switched; the outcome is correctly still (-π,-π).
 
MrAnchovy said:
You can only use the equation ## s = ut + \frac 12 a t^2 ## when acceleration is constant.
Ah, I was trying to take the average acceleration and treat it as constant.
 
Plots of the actual component numbers show just how off an assumption of constant acceleration for each component is for this problem.

PsIq8v2.png
 
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spamanon said:
Plots of the actual component numbers show just how off an assumption of constant acceleration for each component is for this problem.
Thank you very much! That relationship between position, velocity, and acceleration exposes quite a bit of my problem.

[ref] For anyone reading this post later, acceleration is the derivative of velocity and velocity is the derivative of position. The graphs posted by @spamanon show all 3 of those for my circle (red position, blue velocity, black acceleration).
 

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