Residual Gas in High Vacuum Systems

AI Thread Summary
The main residual gas constituent in a high vacuum system (HV) at approximately 1x10^-4 Pa is typically water vapor, which originates from outgassing of materials and surfaces within the system. To improve the vacuum to ultra-high vacuum (UHV) levels around 1x10^-8 Pa, techniques such as using getter materials, cryopumps, and extensive baking of components are employed to reduce residual gases. In UHV conditions, the predominant residual gas is often hydrogen, which can permeate through materials and is difficult to eliminate completely. The discussion highlights the challenges in identifying specific gas constituents and improving vacuum levels. Understanding these factors is crucial for achieving optimal performance in high and ultra-high vacuum systems.
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Homework Statement



What is the likely main residual gas constituent of a high vacuum system (HV) (P~1x10-4 Pa) and where does it come from? Explain how the vacuum may be improved to give ultra-high vacuum (UHV) (P~1x10-8 Pa). What is the likely main residual gas constituent of ultra-high
vacuum?

The Attempt at a Solution



My first guess was hydrocarbons for HV, but apparently that's something that occurs in rotary (rough) pumps which goes to about 10^-1 Pa.

I've searching google with no answer to this particular question.

Would anyone like to share their thoughts or a link with some answers?

Thanks a lot.
 
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