# Signal Processing energy conservation

1. Aug 8, 2014

### MathOamtiX

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

Two receivers, d=5 [meters] apart, are recording an air wave signal.
The air wave travels in v=330 [m/sec] and coming from one side of the receivers.
The air wave contains all the frequencies between 10 [Hz] and 200 [Hz].

a) If we sum up the recorded signal from the two receivers, does all the energy from the original wave will be conserved ? explain.

b) The sampling rate in the receivers is Δt=0.004 [Sec], sketch the amplitude spectrum of the sum series.

2. Relevant equations

$\omega =2\pi f$ ,

$$\sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1}{|}{{x}_{n}}{{|}^{2}}=\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1}{|}{{X}_{k}}{{|}^{2}}$$ (Parseval Theorem)

and maybe the DFT of sin/cos functions

3. The attempt at a solution

a) I know that the starting point should be the distance and the velocity.
so we get t=v/d and from that the frequency can be calculated somehow.
also the wave is a combination of known sin waves, so after DFT it transfers into a delta function.

b) Here i don't even know how start, since nothing is implied about the amplitude !

2. Aug 8, 2014

### marcusl

Hint: Since you are summing the outputs of two sensors, you must account for the frequency-dependent phase shift between them.

3. Aug 8, 2014

### MathOamtiX

Thank you! but...

You are right, i calculated the phase change between the receivers, i got 66 [Hz].
but how this affects the summation ?

4. Aug 8, 2014

### .Scott

Your Nyquist frequency is less than 200 Hz.

5. Aug 9, 2014

### MathOamtiX

Thank you! but...

How did you compute the Nyquist frequency in this ?
In order to calculate the Nyquist frequency i need the sampling time interval of the receivers no ?

6. Aug 9, 2014

### .Scott

The sampling period is given in part b of the problem as 0.004sec. The inverse of that, 250Hz is the sampling rate. The Nyquist - well, you can take it from there.

7. Aug 9, 2014

### MathOamtiX

Thank you

Thank you,
but I'm not sure that i can use the given information in part b for calculations in part a ...

and as for part b, how can i get anything about the amplitude ?

8. Aug 9, 2014

### marcusl

Part a is, in part, a spatial question. Draw a picture of a wave impinging on your sensor array and notice the difference in phase. A plane wave has the form $A(\omega)=A_0 \exp\left[i(\omega t - \vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})\right]$ where the wavevector $\vec{k}$ points along the direction of propagation with $|\vec{k}|=2\pi/\lambda$. Perform the summation, using the positions $\vec{r}$ of your sensors, before calculating the power.

9. Aug 9, 2014

### MathOamtiX

Ok, i think i got part A:

In order to conserve all the frequencies, there must be at least 2 samples per 1 wave length. so the spatial Nyquist is then: ${{k}_{\max }}=\frac{1}{2\Delta x}=0.1$

and on the other hand:

$k=f/v\to {{k}_{\max }}=200/330\sim 0.6$

so we won't get all the energy, is that right ??

but i'm still struggling with part b, since nothing is said about the amplitude,

10. Aug 9, 2014

### marcusl

No, part a has nothing whatever to do with digital sampling. Have you studied anything about wave propagation? Can you visit your TA or professor? It will be easier to get this explained face to face and with a whiteboard handy.

11. Aug 10, 2014

### MathOamtiX

My Professor is unavailable, and there is no TA.
i know the basics of wave propagation but i just don't understand how to perform the summation.
$u(x,t)=\sum\limits_{\omega =20\pi }^{400\pi }{[A(\omega )~{{e}^{i(\omega t)}}+B(\omega )~{{e}^{i(5k-\omega t)}}}]\,\,$
Good. Replace the summation with an integral, since the problem states that all frequencies in the band are present. Let's assume that they have equal strength, so that $A(\omega)=A_0$ for 20π≤ω≤400π. For line-of-sight propagation in a homogeneous medium, furthermore, A = B. Your integral then takes on a simpler form that you should be able to evaluate for power and compare to the power in the incident wave.