Significance of RC time constant

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the significance of the RC time constant in a series RC circuit, particularly its role in determining the cutoff frequency of filters. Participants explore the physical implications of the time constant and its relevance in circuit analysis.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question the physical significance of the time constant (RC) when t=RC, particularly in relation to the cutoff frequency.
  • There is a discussion about the need for a method to calculate energy in the capacitor over time, relating it to voltage or current values in circuits.
  • Multiple participants express confusion regarding the use of RC in calculating cutoff frequency, suggesting that if RC is arbitrary, then the cutoff frequency might also be arbitrary.
  • One participant suggests that the term "-3dB frequency" is more appropriate than "cutoff frequency" for a simple single-stage RC filter, prompting a discussion about terminology.
  • There is a consideration of whether the -3dB point is arbitrary, with some arguing that while it is semi-arbitrary, using RC simplifies calculations.
  • Participants acknowledge that some concepts in physics and electrical engineering are fundamental, while others are used for convenience, indicating a distinction in how these terms are understood.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion contains multiple competing views regarding the significance and implications of the RC time constant and the terminology used in relation to cutoff frequency. Participants do not reach a consensus on these points.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty about the definitions and implications of terms like "cutoff frequency" and "-3dB frequency," indicating that these concepts may depend on specific contexts or interpretations.

jaydnul
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In a simple series RC circuit, when t=RC, the voltage across the resistor and capacitor is the same. Why is this physically significant and why do we choose this as the time constant that dictates the cutoff frequency?
 
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Review this first. We need some way to calculate the energy (as physical charge) in the capacitor over time into voltage or current values used in circuits.
 
Yes, but why is RC used when calculating cutoff voltage? If RC is arbitrary, then cutoff voltage is arbitrary which doesn't make sense to me.
 
Jd0g33 said:
Yes, but why is RC used when calculating cutoff voltage? If RC is arbitrary, then cutoff voltage is arbitrary which doesn't make sense to me.

I think you mean "cutoff frequency" like you posted in your Original Post, not some cutoff voltage... :smile:

And even "cutoff frequency" is a bit harsh to use for a simple single stage RC filter. A better term would be the -3dB frequency. Can you say why that would be a better term to use?
 
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Ya sorry, cutoff frequency.

Is the -3dB arbitrary?
 
Jd0g33 said:
Is the -3dB arbitrary?

Well, you could pick -10dB or -20dB instead, so sure, it's semi-arbitrary.

But "RC" is simpler than "some number * RC", and RC gives you -3dB.

Your question is reasonable though. There are some things in physics and EE that are fundamental, and others that we use for convenience. It's fine to ask about the distinctions as you learn more and more in your education. This is a good place to ask such questions. :smile:
 
The time constant in the RC filter is useful for looking at ...
Jd0g33 said:
Ya sorry, cutoff frequency.

Is the -3dB arbitrary?

Think about the electrical properties of an RC network and what -3dB means.
fil10.gif
 
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Ok, thanks!
 

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