Significance of terms of acceleration in polar coordinates

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on understanding the components of acceleration in polar coordinates, specifically the terms in the equation a = (r¨−rθ˙²) er + (rθ¨+ 2r˙θ˙) eθ. The key components include r¨ and rθ˙², which represent radial acceleration and centrifugal force, respectively. The significance of the terms rθ¨ and 2r˙θ˙, which relate to angular acceleration and Coriolis force, is emphasized through practical examples. Engaging in physical activities, such as using a merry-go-round, is suggested as a method to intuitively grasp these concepts.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of polar coordinates and unit vectors (er, eθ)
  • Familiarity with basic physics concepts such as acceleration and forces
  • Knowledge of angular motion and its mathematical representation
  • Basic calculus for interpreting derivatives in the acceleration equation
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore uniform circular motion and its implications on acceleration components
  • Investigate the effects of changing angular velocity on polar acceleration terms
  • Study the Coriolis effect in real-world scenarios, such as weather patterns
  • Conduct experiments with rotating systems to visualize acceleration components
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, educators teaching dynamics, and anyone interested in the practical applications of polar coordinates in motion analysis.

Mind----Blown
Messages
11
Reaction score
0
How do i get an idea, or a 'feel' of the components of the acceleration in polar coordinates which constitute the component in the eθ direction?

from what i know, a= (r¨−rθ˙^2) er + (rθ¨+ 2r˙θ˙) eθ ;

(where er and eθ are unit vectors in the radial direction and the direction of increase of the polar angle, θ.)

The two components in er direction--- r¨ and rθ˙^2 are the usual acceleration along radius vector and the centrifugal force experienced. But what is the significance of the other two terms?. Is there any day-to-day or a common situation where we experience the Coriolis force and the other term?

I can memorize the formula and use it, but i will truly 'understand' its significance only if i can 'feel' the terms..

Thanks!
 
Science news on Phys.org
Mind----Blown said:
How do i get an idea, or a 'feel' of the components of the acceleration in polar coordinates which constitute the component in the eθ direction?

from what i know, a= (r¨−rθ˙^2) er + (rθ¨+ 2r˙θ˙) eθ ;

(where er and eθ are unit vectors in the radial direction and the direction of increase of the polar angle, θ.)

The two components in er direction--- r¨ and rθ˙^2 are the usual acceleration along radius vector and the centrifugal force experienced. But what is the significance of the other two terms?. Is there any day-to-day or a common situation where we experience the Coriolis force and the other term?

I can memorize the formula and use it, but i will truly 'understand' its significance only if i can 'feel' the terms..

Thanks!

Here's what you can do, and it is a step-by-step "addition of complications":

1. Start with something you know. What does the equation looks like if you have a uniform circular motion, i.e. r=constant, and dθ/dt = constant?

2. Now, add the case where dθ/dt is not a constant, i.e. the object is still at the same radius, but the rate of it spinning around the axis is changing. What terms survive now?

3. Now what if dr/dt is not zero, but a constant? The object is now having not only a changing rate of spin, but also it is changing its distance from the axis at a constant rate. Which terms survive?

4. Finally, what if the radial acceleration is not zero, i.e. dr/dt is no longer a constant?

You start with something you know of conceptually, and then you start loosening the constraints. Each of the term that starts to survive is related to the constraints. Try it. See if this helps you to have a physical understanding of what each of those terms represents.

Zz.
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: mastrofoffi
Mind----Blown said:
i will truly 'understand' its significance only if i can 'feel' the terms..
You and a friend or two should go to a park, get on a merry go round, and throw a ball to each other. That will certainly help you "feel" the terms in a visceral manner.
 
Last edited:
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: Chestermiller and mastrofoffi
Dale said:
You and a friend or two should go to a park, get on a merry go round, and throw a ball to each other. That will certainly help you "feel" the terms in a visceral manner.
Also, get on the merry go round closer to the axis than he is, and walk toward your friend.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 15 ·
Replies
15
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
5K
Replies
15
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
3K
  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
3K
Replies
13
Views
2K
  • · Replies 24 ·
Replies
24
Views
3K