Solving expansion rate for a variant of the Friedmann equation

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the Friedmann equation and its implications for the expansion rate of the universe, particularly in the context of a cosmological constant. The original poster seeks to understand how to derive the value of H as the scale factor approaches infinity and to demonstrate that H behaves as if dominated by the cosmological constant.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to substitute the scale factor into the Friedmann equation and analyze the behavior of H as the scale factor increases. Some participants question the nature of the crossover scale, ##r_c##, and its relevance to the problem. Others suggest exploring the implications of a non-zero cosmological constant in an otherwise empty universe.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with various interpretations being explored. Participants are engaging with the mathematical relationships and implications of the equations presented, while also questioning the constants involved. There is no explicit consensus yet, but productive lines of inquiry are being developed.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that ##r_c## is a constant referred to as the crossover scale, and there is a focus on the behavior of H in the context of dark energy domination as the scale factor approaches infinity. The original poster's attempts and the questions raised indicate a need for further clarification on the relationships between the variables involved.

Kyrios
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Homework Statement


For the equation H^2 = \frac{8 \pi G \rho_m}{3} + \frac{H}{r_c} how do I find the value of H for scale factor a \rightarrow \infty, and show that H acts as though dominated by \Lambda (cosmological constant) ?

Homework Equations


\rho_m \propto \frac{1}{a^3}
H > 0

The Attempt at a Solution


I'm not sure how to show that H is driven by \Lambda, but have tried to sub in the scale factor in place of matter density and make the scale factor go to infinity.
As in,
H^2 = \frac{8 \pi G }{3 a^3} + \frac{H}{r_c}
This gets rid of the \frac{8 \pi G \rho_m}{3} leaving H = \frac{1}{r_c}
 
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What is ##r_c##? Is it constant?
 
Yes r_c is a constant which is called the cross over scale. I don't think we need to know the value of it
 
Okay. Now, solve

$$H = \frac{1}{r_c}$$

for the scale factor ##a##.
 
Alternatively, what is ##H## for a universe that has a non-zero cosmological constant ##\Lambda##, and that is otherwise empty, i.e., that has no matter or radiation content?
 
ok, so H = \frac{1}{r_c}
H = \frac{1}{a}\frac{da}{dt} = \frac{1}{r_c}
\int_{0}^{a} \frac{1}{a} da = \int_{0}^{t} \frac{1}{r_c} dt
ln(a) = \frac{1}{r_c} t
a = \exp(\frac{t}{r_c})

Which is akin to dark energy domination a \propto \exp(Hr_c) ?
 

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