Special relativity, circular motion

AI Thread Summary
To determine the magnetic field strength required to keep a charged particle in a circular orbit at relativistic speeds, the relationship between the Lorentz force and centripetal force must be considered. The classical equation qvB = ma is modified to account for relativistic effects, using the relativistic mass, leading to F = (γm v²)/R. This adjustment is necessary because as the particle approaches the speed of light, its effective mass increases due to relativistic effects. The discussion highlights the importance of using the Lorentz force in the momentarily comoving frame, where the particle appears at rest, to accurately calculate the forces acting on it. Understanding these principles is crucial for solving problems involving charged particles in strong magnetic fields at high velocities.
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Homework Statement


A charged particle (mass m, charge q) is moving with constant speed v. A magnetic field \vec{B} is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle. Find the strength of the field required to hold the particle on a circular orbit of radius R.


Homework Equations


\vec{F} = q\vec{v} \times \vec{B}
\vec{F} = m\vec{a}_c


The Attempt at a Solution


Well, I know that in the "classical" case this is fairly easy. One just sets

qvB = ma,

and since a = \frac{v^2}{R}, one gets

qvB = m \frac{v^2}{R}
\Rightarrow B = \frac{mv}{qR}

However, I am not sure if I can use this here, because the particle is assumed to be traveling at close to the speed of light. I have read somewhere that I should use the relativistic mass in the calculation of the centripetal force, i.e.

F = \frac{\gamma m v^2}{R},

but I am not sure why this is the case. Could anyone help?
 
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One way to see this is go into the momentarily comoving frame (not an inertial frame, obviously) of the particle. In this frame, the particle is at rest so the Lorentz force only comes from the electric field in this frame, which is: q E^{\prime} = \gamma q \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}
So it experiences a force which is perpendicular to both \mathbf{v} and \mathbf{B} with the \gamma as promised.
 
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