Standard sizes for nozzle thickness in pressure vessel design typically reference pipe specifications, such as 4" and 6" Schedule 80 pipes, which have specific wall thicknesses outlined in pipe size charts. The discussion highlights the importance of accompanying drawings for accurate cost estimates and design details. Additionally, the minimum required shell thickness can be calculated using a specific formula, but determining the design radius (R_design) is crucial for accuracy. It is advised to base R_design on relevant industry standards and practices rather than making arbitrary guesses. Compliance with ASME codes is essential for the design of nozzles and other components in pressure vessels.