Thermal efficiency measures how well an engine converts heat from combustion into work, while mechanical efficiency assesses how effectively the engine converts that work into output at the crankshaft, factoring in losses from friction and auxiliary systems. Diesel engines typically exhibit higher thermal and mechanical efficiencies compared to petrol engines due to their higher compression ratios, which allow for better energy conversion. The construction and design of the engine significantly influence these efficiency metrics. Overall, diesel engines are generally more efficient than petrol engines, primarily because of their ability to extract more energy from fuel. Understanding these efficiencies is crucial for evaluating engine performance and fuel economy.