Tolerances differences in temperature change

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the effects of temperature changes on the tolerances of machined steel and aluminum components. Participants explore how moving parts from one temperature environment to another influences their dimensions and tolerances, considering factors such as thermal expansion and machining conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about published studies on tolerance changes in steel and aluminum components due to temperature shifts.
  • Another participant suggests that if a part is at the same temperature as its environment, it will expand or contract according to its coefficient of thermal expansion, implying tolerances remain unchanged.
  • A different viewpoint raises the importance of temperature distribution within the part, indicating that if the part is hotter where it was machined, it may change shape as it cools, affecting tolerances based on material and geometry.
  • One participant questions whether the discussion pertains to single parts or assemblies, noting that overall size changes but tolerances ideally should not, unless considering stack-ups between parts under varying temperature conditions.
  • A participant describes a specific scenario involving steel parts machined at 95 degrees F and then inspected at 70 degrees F, emphasizing the critical tolerances checked at both temperatures.
  • Another participant speculates that unless significant heat is generated during machining, there should not be issues with tolerances.
  • A follow-up comment acknowledges that large cuts might lead to heating, but suggests that this would not significantly impact the final tolerances.
  • One participant provides information on the average coefficient of thermal expansion for carbon and low alloy steels, noting that cutting processes that generate heat may not yield the most accurate results.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on how temperature changes affect tolerances, with some suggesting tolerances remain stable while others indicate that factors like temperature distribution and machining conditions may lead to variations. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

Participants have not reached a consensus on the impact of temperature changes on tolerances, and the discussion includes assumptions about machining conditions and material properties that may not be universally applicable.

dingpud
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Does anyone out there know if there are any published studies which have tested the tolerance changes in steel and aluminum machined components when they are manufactured in one (temperature) environment and moved to different (temperature) environment.

Anything would help.

Thanks,
 
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Assuming the part is the same temperature as its environment in each case, moving it from one temperature to another will cause it to shrink or expand according to its coefficient of thermal expansion. Tolerances would essentially stay the same.

If the part has some unknown temperature distribution (say hotter where the machining operation took place) the part will end up slightly changing shape as it cools. how the tolarance changes would be material and geometry dependent, but generally a material with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (and hopefully a high thermal conductivity) will probably fare better than one with a large CTE and low thermal conductivity.
 
What tolerances are you referring to? Are you looking at single parts or an assembly? Ideally, the tolerances on a part don't change due to thermals. Simply the overall size does (like ME already mentioned). Now, if you're talking about stack ups between parts, then those tolerances may change and often do. We use different stack ups based on assembly, high and low temp conditions.

It would help if you explained what you are looking for a bit better, i.e. what is your scenario?
 
OK, situation is as follows:

We store raw material in an area about 95 degrees F.
Raw material is loaded into a machine, and machined with coolant.
The final part comes out and is inspected. The area where the part comes out of the machine is about the same 95 degree F atmosphere. Parts are inspected in this location for some critical tolerances.
The part is then transferred to a room which is controlled to about 70 degrees F. The same critical tolerances are inspected as well as a few others.
Parts are then sent out for finishing.
Received back in, inspected, then shipped.

This is not an assembly, piece part only. The material is steel bar.

Thanks,
 
Unless your machinists are taking huge cuts that build up a very large amount of heat, there should be no issues.
 
By taking huge cuts, I am guessing that you are suggesting that the part will heat up to a very high temperature, then might have the possibility of being cooled quickly... Yeah, I guess in this situation, it really won't make a difference.

Thanks all...
 
The Average coefficient of expansion, (μm/m · K, at °C) is typically between 12 and 15,
for the ranges 20 - 100 and 20 - 700 C for carbon and low alloy steels. Cutting which produces most heat is typically not the most accurate. Milling large pieces is usually cooled.
 

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