Transisiton metal electronic structure question.

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Chromium and copper are known to donate one electron from their 4s sub-shell to the 3d sub-shell, a phenomenon linked to their electron configurations that favor filled and half-filled subshells. However, this behavior is not universal among all transition metals. Heavier transition metals exhibit more complex electronic structures, and exceptions to this rule exist. For a deeper understanding, resources such as Wikipedia and ChemWiki provide detailed explanations of electron configurations and the nuances involved with various transition metals.
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Transisiton metal electronic structure question. :)

Hey guys, basically I know that Chromium and Copper "donate" one of their electrons from the 4s sub-shell to the 3d sub-shell. Is this true for ALL transition metals?

Any help would be greatly appreciated. :)
 
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There are a number of heavier elements that are exceptions. You can find further reading on this topic "en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_configuration" and "chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Electronic_Configurations" . While the explanation of filled and half-filled shells being favorable applies for copper and chromium in a fairly transparent manner, it becomes a far more complicated matter for other elements.
 
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