Translating scalar torque quantities to their vector analogues (RE: Dipoles)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the relationship between scalar torque quantities and their vector analogues in the context of dipoles in a uniform electric field. The torque applied on the dipole is expressed as τ = -2.q.a.E.sin(θ), indicating a restoring torque. The vector form of the torque is given by τ = p x E, where p = 2.q.a. The key question raised is the disappearance of the negative sign in the vector equation, which is crucial for understanding the directionality of the torque in restoring the dipole to equilibrium.

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  • Understanding of dipole moments and their properties
  • Familiarity with torque and its mathematical representation
  • Knowledge of vector cross products in physics
  • Basic principles of electric fields and forces
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This discussion is beneficial for physics students, electrical engineers, and researchers interested in electromagnetism and torque dynamics in dipole systems.

Jonnie79
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My question is at the bottom of this post

PREAMBLE:

If a dipole is turned by an angle θ (in a uniform electric field) then the torque applied on the dipole by the electric field will be:

τ = 2.q.a.E.sin(-θ) = -2.q.a.E.sin(θ)

with the negative sign referring to it being a "restoring" torque. This negative sign is important in:

-dU = ∫τ.dθ = -2.q.a.E.∫sin(θ).dθ

IN TERMS OF VECTORS:

In τ = p x E

p = 2.q.a (in the direction of a), and

E.sin(θ) is the "x E" part of τ = p x E

MY QUESTION:
Where is the negative sign gone in the vector equation? what accounts for it?
 
Last edited:
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I have this now. (I omitted a negative sign)

If I rotate the dipole by θ from equilibrium then I've applied a torque:

τ = p x E, or
τ = 2qa.E.sin(θ)

The restoring torque due to the (uniform) electric field will be to reduce θ (and thus restore equilibrium)

τ = 2qa.E.sin(-θ) = -2qa.E.sin(θ), or
τ = -p x E
 

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