Trigonometric Substitution Proof

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves using trigonometric substitution to evaluate an integral, specifically showing the equivalence of two integrals involving the tangent and secant functions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Mathematical reasoning, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to apply the substitution \( x = \tan \theta \) but expresses uncertainty about how to proceed after transforming the integral. Other participants raise questions about the differential \( dx \) and its role in the substitution process, suggesting a need to express the integrand in terms of sine and cosine.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants exploring the implications of the substitution and clarifying the necessary components of the integral transformation. Some guidance has been offered regarding the expression of the integrand, but no consensus has been reached on the complete solution.

Contextual Notes

There is an emphasis on ensuring all parts of the substitution, including the differential, are correctly accounted for in the transformation of the integral.

LHC
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The question is:

Use x = \tan \theta , \frac{-\pi}{2} < \theta < \frac{\pi}{2} to show that:

\int_{0}^{1} \frac{x^3}{\sqrt{x^2+1}} dx =\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \tan^3 \theta \sec \theta d\theta

Using that substitution, I got it down to:

\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\tan^3 \theta}{\sqrt{\tan^2 \theta+1}} = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\tan^3 \theta}{\sec \theta}

I have no clue how this is going to get to the answer. Could someone please help? Thanks.
 
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What about the dx term?

<br /> dx=d(\tan\theta)=??<br />
 
You are forgetting the dx part again. That's why your expression differs from what you are supposed to show. When you get it right, try expressing the integrand in terms of sin and cos.
 
Ah, NOW I get it. Thanks to everyone for your help!
 

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