The theory of relativity is a major scientific theory developed by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. It explains how the laws of physics work in different frames of reference and how gravity affects the motion of objects.
In relativity, two particles refer to two objects that are moving relative to each other. This could be two cars on a highway, two planets in space, or even two subatomic particles in an accelerator. The theory of relativity explains how these particles interact with each other and the effects of their relative motion.
According to the theory of relativity, time is not absolute and can be experienced differently by different observers depending on their relative motion. Time dilation is the phenomenon where time appears to pass slower for objects that are moving at high speeds. This is because their motion causes a distortion in space-time, affecting the rate at which time passes.
While the theory of relativity is extremely successful in explaining the behavior of objects at the macroscopic level, it is not applicable at the quantum level. At this scale, the behavior of particles is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics, which are fundamentally different from the laws of classical mechanics that govern relativity.
E=mc² is a fundamental equation in the theory of relativity, where E represents energy, m represents mass, and c represents the speed of light. This equation shows the relationship between mass and energy, and how a small amount of matter can be converted into a large amount of energy. It also explains the concept of mass-energy equivalence, which is essential in understanding the behavior of particles in relativity.