A scanner operates by directing a bright light at the object being scanned and capturing the reflected light with an array of light sensors, such as CCDs. These sensors convert the reflected light into electrical signals, which are then processed to create a digital image. The type of scanner can vary, influencing its specific functionality and applications. Understanding these basic principles helps clarify how different scanners work. Overall, the technology behind scanners is integral to their ability to digitize physical documents and images.