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- TL;DR Summary
- A method for measuring the one way speed of light.
Note, it possible to determine if the speed of light varies depending on direction, with the use of a single clock. Simply send a beam and reflect it back, but on the return trip introduce a medium to slow the beam.
Three cases, T1, T2, T3 are total travel times.
T1: assume light is the same speed in both directions (prior to introducing medium).
T2: assume light is faster on the outbound trip (prior to introducing medium).
T3: assume light is faster on the inbound trip (prior to introducing medium).
Let T1 = T2 = T3 without the medium.
Calculations show that with the medium, it is necessarily the case that T3 < T1 < T2
Sample below with c = 300,000 km/s and distance 1 km for convenience.
First without the medium
T1: Outbound 300,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 300,000 km/s, 1km. T1 = 1/150,000 seconds.
T2: Outbound 600,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 200,000 km/s, 1 km. T2 = 1/150,000 seconds.
T3: Outbound 200,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 600,000 km/s, 1 km. T3 = 1/150000 seconds.
T1 = T2 = T3 ... impossible to verify which case exists.
Second with the medium (inbound velocity slowed by 50%)
T1: Outbound 300,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 150,000 km/s, 1km. T1 = .00001 seconds.
T2: Outbound 600,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 100,000 km/s, 1 km. T2 = .000017 seconds.
T3: Outbound 200,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 300,000 km/s, 1 km. T3 = .0000083 seconds.
T3 < T1 < T2 ... possible to verify which case exists.
Three cases, T1, T2, T3 are total travel times.
T1: assume light is the same speed in both directions (prior to introducing medium).
T2: assume light is faster on the outbound trip (prior to introducing medium).
T3: assume light is faster on the inbound trip (prior to introducing medium).
Let T1 = T2 = T3 without the medium.
Calculations show that with the medium, it is necessarily the case that T3 < T1 < T2
Sample below with c = 300,000 km/s and distance 1 km for convenience.
First without the medium
T1: Outbound 300,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 300,000 km/s, 1km. T1 = 1/150,000 seconds.
T2: Outbound 600,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 200,000 km/s, 1 km. T2 = 1/150,000 seconds.
T3: Outbound 200,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 600,000 km/s, 1 km. T3 = 1/150000 seconds.
T1 = T2 = T3 ... impossible to verify which case exists.
Second with the medium (inbound velocity slowed by 50%)
T1: Outbound 300,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 150,000 km/s, 1km. T1 = .00001 seconds.
T2: Outbound 600,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 100,000 km/s, 1 km. T2 = .000017 seconds.
T3: Outbound 200,000 km/s, 1 km then inbound 300,000 km/s, 1 km. T3 = .0000083 seconds.
T3 < T1 < T2 ... possible to verify which case exists.