What are the Values of x, y, z for Mechanical Energy to be Positive?

AI Thread Summary
To determine values of x, y, and z for positive mechanical energy in a system under the force F = k(-x, -y, -z), the potential energy function was derived as V = (1/2)k(x^2 + y^2 + z^2). The conservation of mechanical energy equation is established as (1/2)mv^2 + (1/2)k(x^2 + y^2 + z^2) > 0. This leads to the condition that the squared velocity must satisfy v^2 > -(k/m)(x^2 + y^2 + z^2). The analysis shows that if k is positive, the radial distance r must exceed a certain exponential decay function over time to maintain positive energy. The discussion emphasizes the importance of correctly identifying the potential energy and ensuring the conditions for positive mechanical energy are met.
SpY]
Messages
63
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


A particle of mass m experiences a force
\overrightarrow{F} = k (-x\hat{i} -y\hat{j} -z\hat{k})

Find values of x, y, z for which the mechanical energy E > 0.

Homework Equations


Conservation of mechanical energy
\frac{1}{2}mv^2 + V = E = constant
where \frac{1}{2}mv^2 is the kinetic energy and V the potential energy of the system. (This is only valid in an isolated system, ie. no external forces)

The Attempt at a Solution


First checked that the force was conservative (curl is zero), then used a line integral to find a potential function.
I get V = \frac{1}{2}kz^2.
Then using the conservation law I get \frac{1}{2}mv^2 + \frac{1}{2}kz^2 = E > 0

From there I'm not sure what to do. I tried decomposing the velocity,
\overrightarrow{v} = \dot{x}\hat{i} + \dot{y}\hat{j}+ \dot{z}\hat{k}
Then get 3 differential 'inequalities'. I'm not sure, but is it valid to say \dot{x}^2 = 2\ddot{x}?
Just confirming this approach before going on
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Double-check your potential function. Does \mathbf{F} = -\nabla \Phi for the function you got?
 
! Yes it was wrong. Here's my second try:
V = -\int_{0,0,0}^{x,0,0}-kx dx + -\int_{x,0,0}^{x,y,0}-ky dy + -\int_{x,y,0}^{x,y,z}-kz dz
V = \frac{k}{2}(x^2+y^2+z^2) +C
verifying
-\nabla V = -\frac{\partial }{\partial x} \frac{kx^2}{2} -\frac{\partial }{\partial y} \frac{ky^2}{2} -\frac{\partial }{\partial z} \frac{kz^2}{2}
= -k(x\hat{i}+y\hat{j}+z\hat{k}) = \overrightarrow{F}

Then the conservation law is
\frac{1}{2}m\left |\overrightarrow{v} \right |^2 + \frac{k}{2}(x^2+y^2+z^2) > 0

|\overrightarrow{v}| ^2 > -\frac{k}{m}(x^2+y^2+z^2)

Then square root and let \overrightarrow{v} = \dot{r} \;\;\; \text{and} \;\; r = \sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}

\dot{r} + \sqrt{-\frac{k}{m}}r > 0

Simplest solution I get is \displaystyle{r > Ce^{-\gamma t} \; \; \text{where} \; \; \gamma = \sqrt{-\frac{k}{m}}}

If k>0 then the real part, by Euler's formula is r > Acos(\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}} t)
 
Last edited:
Thread 'Variable mass system : water sprayed into a moving container'
Starting with the mass considerations #m(t)# is mass of water #M_{c}# mass of container and #M(t)# mass of total system $$M(t) = M_{C} + m(t)$$ $$\Rightarrow \frac{dM(t)}{dt} = \frac{dm(t)}{dt}$$ $$P_i = Mv + u \, dm$$ $$P_f = (M + dm)(v + dv)$$ $$\Delta P = M \, dv + (v - u) \, dm$$ $$F = \frac{dP}{dt} = M \frac{dv}{dt} + (v - u) \frac{dm}{dt}$$ $$F = u \frac{dm}{dt} = \rho A u^2$$ from conservation of momentum , the cannon recoils with the same force which it applies. $$\quad \frac{dm}{dt}...
Back
Top