When the base current of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is zero, the transistor enters cutoff mode, resulting in no current flow from the collector to the emitter. This occurs because the lack of base current prevents the necessary charge carriers (electrons and holes) from being injected into the base region, thus inhibiting the transistor's ability to conduct. Consequently, the collector current also drops to zero, effectively turning the transistor off.
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