The theory of special relativity asserts that the laws of physics are consistent across all inertial reference frames and that the speed of light is constant. General relativity extends this by addressing accelerating frames and providing a new understanding of gravity. Einstein's work led to the development of Lorentz transforms, establishing the speed of light as a universal limit. These theories revolutionized the understanding of space, time, and gravity. Overall, relativity fundamentally changed the framework of modern physics.