Which Aniline Derivative Is More Basic: Ortho or Para Substituted?

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The discussion focuses on the basicity of various aniline derivatives, specifically comparing ortho and para substituted isomers. Factors influencing basicity include the stabilization or destabilization of the positive charge on nitrogen after protonation. For o-methyl aniline versus p-methyl aniline, the para isomer is generally more basic due to less steric hindrance. In the case of o-chloro versus p-chloro aniline, the para isomer is again more basic because the electron-withdrawing effect of the chloro group is less pronounced at the para position. Overall, the stability of the conjugate base is crucial in determining the basicity of these aniline derivatives.
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Homework Statement



Which isomer is more basic in the following pairs:

o-methyl aniline or p-methyl aniline

o-chloro aniline or p - chloro aniline

o - chloro aniline or o-floro aniline

o-nitro aniline or p-nitro aniline
 
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I'd think about this in terms of factors that either stabilize or destabilize the positive charge on nitrogen after it accepts a proton. For example if the charge is destabilized more it means the conjugate base must be weaker.
 
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