Hydrogen has a higher adiabatic flame temperature compared to carbon when both are burned in stoichiometric ratios. The discussion highlights that while carbon may produce significant heat, hydrogen's flame temperature surpasses it under ideal conditions. The adiabatic flame temperature can be calculated using the formation enthalpies of the reactants. Additionally, the conversation touches on the combustion support of oxygen versus ozone. Understanding these flame temperatures is crucial for applications in combustion science and engineering.