Why do we observe an electron both as a wave and as a particle ?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the dual nature of electrons, exploring why they exhibit both wave-like and particle-like characteristics. It touches on theoretical aspects of quantum mechanics, particularly the implications of the Schrödinger equation and measurement in quantum systems.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that the Schrödinger equation predicts the electron's behavior as a wave when not observed, representing all possible paths it can take over time.
  • Others argue that an electron should be understood as a quantum object, which displays wave characteristics when measured for those properties and particle characteristics when measured for those properties.
  • One participant emphasizes the importance of measurement context, stating that the electron is both a wave and a particle, but also neither in a classical sense.
  • A later reply discusses the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, indicating that the wavefunction represents the sum of all possible paths an electron could take to reach a specific point in space and time.
  • There is a suggestion that taking an infinite number of measurements and superposing the results would yield a wave-like function, aligning with the predictions of the Schrödinger equation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of electrons, with some emphasizing the wave-particle duality and others focusing on the concept of quantum objects. The discussion remains unresolved, with multiple competing perspectives presented.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the dependence on definitions of wave and particle characteristics, as well as the unresolved implications of measurement in quantum mechanics.

Leonardo Bittar
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Maybe because when you don't observe it, the Schrödinger equation predicts the totality of interactions (paths) of the electron over an infinite time, all the paths it can take ( forming a wave like function ) which is actually all the paths the electron can take overlapped... and when u directly observe the electron, u can only observe the path its taking at a single moment in time. If u take an infinite number of measures of the same electron and superposition their results, the result would be a wave like function, exactly as the Schrödinger equation predicts ?
 
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An electron is not a particle and it is not a wave. It is a quantum object. If you measure a quantum object for wave characteristics, you see the wave characteristics. If you measure it for particle characteristics, you see the particle characteristics. You need to be careful to understand just what you are measuring.
 
phinds said:
An electron is not a particle and it is not a wave. It is a quantum object. If you measure a quantum object for wave characteristics, you see the wave characteristics. If you measure it for particle characteristics, you see the particle characteristics. You need to be careful to understand just what you are measuring.
It's both and it's neither.

I mean you use the equations that describe it as a particle and as a wave simultaneously.
 
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In modern Quantum Mechanics (from about 1930), the experimental results you get for an electron are explained. It's dynamic properties (such as position and momentum) are described by its wavefunction, which evolves according to the Schrödinger equation.

Your description is close to Feynman's path integral formulation, which you could read about here.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_integral_formulation

Essentially the wavefunction at a given point in space at a given time is the sum of all the ways the particle could get to that point at that time, breaking down its path into very small time intervals, and then taking the limit of that sum (integral) as you the time interval tends to zero.

It's actually quite close to what you supposed here:

Leonardo Bittar said:
If u take an infinite number of measures of the same electron and superposition their results, the result would be a wave like function, exactly as the Schrödinger equation predicts ?

And, in fact, the path integral formulation is another way to derive the Schrödinger equation.
 
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