Why does a photomultiplier tube produce a negative output pulse?

[Lizard]

The standard output waveform of a photomultiplier tube has a "negative" pulse, like below. Why is the amplitude negative?

 

[phinds]

Show the surrounding circuitry.

 

[Baluncore]

The photo-cathode and multiplier dynodes are at negative potential relative to the anode. The pulse is negative because it is the anode current being converted to a voltage by a grounded resistor.
See fig. 2. here; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier_tube#Structure_and_operating_principles

 

[hutchphd]

And the electrons are negative !

 

[sophiecentaur]

And the electrons are negative !

Best answer so far.

 

[Vanadium 50]

Best answer so far

I think @phinds was better. It's not impossible to design a circuit where the pulse is positive, even though the electrons are negative. A PMT is but one element in a circuit.

 

[sophiecentaur]

Agreed but, pour a load of electrons on something and its Potential will go in the negative direction. The OP was a bit too simple, of course, but electrons are at the coal face, here.

 

[Baluncore]

And the electrons are negative !

The conventional current flows from ground, down throught the current to voltage resistor to the anode. That is why the pulse is negative.

 

[hutchphd]

A PMT is but one element in a circuit.

But it does make a practical difference where ground potential is chosen. These were developed in the 1930's. I think I'll stick with door #1...

 

[tech99]

But it does make a practical difference where ground potential is chosen. These were developed in the 1930's. I think I'll stick with door #1...

I have used a PMT tube with grounded cathode as part of a TV camera. But grounded cathode not useful for DC outputs referenced to ground.
I think the PMT concept was invented by Philo Farnsworth as part of his Image Dissector TV camera.

 

[Vanadium 50]

Hamamatsu says PMTs were invented by Iams et al. in 1935 and the modern multidynode tubes in 1936 by Zworykin.

As far as the negative signal, had it been positive and someone said, "oh, it's common to have an odd number of inverting amplifiers in the base", we all would have nodded sagely.

 

[hutchphd]

When I nod sagely it means I've dozed off...just give me a little jab..

 

[sophiecentaur]

I took the clue for the 'no output' level of zero. The question wording refers to the tube itself afaics. It's clearly been connected into a circuit that establishes a bias voltage of 0V. Then, along come the negative charges.