What is Output: Definition and 1000 Discussions

In computing, input/output (I/O, or informally io or IO) is the communication between an information processing system, such as a computer, and the outside world, possibly a human or another information processing system. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. The term can also be used as part of an action; to "perform I/O" is to perform an input or output operation.
I/O devices are the pieces of hardware used by a human (or other system) to communicate with a computer. For instance, a keyboard or computer mouse is an input device for a computer, while monitors and printers are output devices. Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically perform both input and output operations.
The designation of a device as either input or output depends on perspective. Mice and keyboards take physical movements that the human user outputs and convert them into input signals that a computer can understand; the output from these devices is the computer's input. Similarly, printers and monitors take signals that computers output as input, and they convert these signals into a representation that human users can understand. From the human user's perspective, the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving output; this type of interaction between computers and humans is studied in the field of human–computer interaction. A further complication is that a device traditionally considered an input device, e.g., card reader, keyboard, may accept control commands to, e.g., select stacker, display keyboard lights, while a device traditionally considered as an output device may provide status data, e.g., low toner, out of paper, paper jam.
In computer architecture, the combination of the CPU and main memory, to which the CPU can read or write directly using individual instructions, is considered the brain of a computer. Any transfer of information to or from the CPU/memory combo, for example by reading data from a disk drive, is considered I/O. The CPU and its supporting circuitry may provide memory-mapped I/O that is used in low-level computer programming, such as in the implementation of device drivers, or may provide access to I/O channels. An I/O algorithm is one designed to exploit locality and perform efficiently when exchanging data with a secondary storage device, such as a disk drive.

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  1. Z

    B Doubts about the definition of a linear system

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  2. D

    B Magnetic field and generator power output

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  3. emilmammadzada

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  4. J

    B Fusion, bigger output than input?

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  5. A

    I What does the output of a radio telescope look like?

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  6. PhysicsTest

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  7. A

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  8. J

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  9. V

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  10. D

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  11. russ_watters

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  12. W

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  13. PhysicsTest

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  14. Eclair_de_XII

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  15. K

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  16. altruan23

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  17. A

    Fission Products that come from the MCNP output?

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  18. sophiecentaur

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    My log burner is just too powerful for everyday use. It is spec'd at 5kW and has an area of about 200X400mm. It's a single fuel design with no bottom vent. The air control is quite clever. It has an 'air curtain' supply which comes down from the top and two adjustable slots in the doors to get...
  19. B

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  20. D

    Engineering Input and Output Impedance of circuit

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  21. A

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  22. Callum Plunkett

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  23. anikad

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  24. P

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  25. G

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    Sirs, I have two honda clone 2.5KW/220VAC gasoline generators, one with AVR and another with Capacitor excitation. I want to modify alternator windings of one of them so that it can directly output around 55VAC which shall then be rectified and use it to charge 48V batteries. I have fair...
  26. jeverez

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  27. SpinnerDude

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  28. PainterGuy

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  29. Spinnor

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  30. J

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  31. L

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  32. PRITAM the cat of Ne

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  33. J

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  34. F

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  35. M

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  36. icesalmon

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  37. Z

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  38. rdawe

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  39. F

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  40. J

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  41. N

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  42. M

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  43. jaumzaum

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  44. M

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  45. Rongeet Banerjee

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  46. Mayan Fung

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  47. Mayan Fung

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