Why does light intensity decrease when light passes through a glass block?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the phenomenon of light intensity reduction when a laser beam passes through a glass block. Participants explore the underlying mechanisms, including absorption and scattering, and the effects of glass thickness on light intensity.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why light intensity decreases when passing through glass and seeks to understand the interactions occurring within the glass.
  • Another participant suggests that some photons are absorbed due to their energies matching vibrational modes in the glass, indicating that absorption occurs.
  • A later reply confirms that glass absorbs some of the light, supporting the previous claim.
  • It is noted that increasing the thickness of the glass layer leads to greater losses from absorption and scattering, which are dependent on the length of the material.
  • Fresnel reflections are mentioned, with an estimate that about 4% of the incident light is reflected at each interface of the glass.
  • One participant points out that non-optical-quality glass can scatter light out of the beam direction, contributing to intensity loss.
  • It is proposed that the intensity reduction can be modeled as an exponential function of glass thickness, referencing Beer's law.
  • Another participant mentions that even high-quality optical glass has slight absorption, with specific reference to silica optical fiber having minimal losses primarily due to absorption.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various viewpoints on the mechanisms of light intensity reduction, including absorption and scattering. While there is agreement on the existence of these effects, the discussion includes multiple perspectives on their significance and the specific contributions of glass thickness and quality, indicating that no consensus has been reached.

Contextual Notes

Participants discuss the effects of glass thickness and quality on light intensity without resolving the complexities of absorption and scattering mechanisms. The discussion also references Beer's law without providing detailed mathematical derivation or assumptions.

Zebadee
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Hi Guys,

I am new to this forum and have a "quick" question.

Say you had a laser pointer and you directed the laser through a glass block and then to a LDR why would the light intensity recorded be lower than without the glass block? What is happening to the light when it is in the glass? And why does making the glass thicker make the light intensity decrease even more?

Thanks a lot.

Oli.
 
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I'm guessing that the some of the particular photons will have energies corresponding to vibrational modes in the glass (lattice, electronic, molecular, etc). So each time that happens, some light is absorbed.
 
So the glass actually absorbs some of the light?
 
Thank you very much, I will give this a good read.
 
Increasing the thickness of a glass layer would increase losses due to absorption and scattering since both are dependent on length.

You also get Fresnel reflections, which is about 4% of the incident light reflected per interface for glass.

Claude.
 
Zebadee said:
Hi Guys,

I am new to this forum and have a "quick" question.

Say you had a laser pointer and you directed the laser through a glass block and then to a LDR why would the light intensity recorded be lower than without the glass block? What is happening to the light when it is in the glass? And why does making the glass thicker make the light intensity decrease even more?

Thanks a lot.

Oli.

the glass scatters light out of the beam direction. Unless you are working with optical-quality glass, glass is fairly heterogeneous.

Even so, 'perfectly manufactured' glass is oh-so-slightly absorptive.

Plot the intensity as a function of glass thickness- it should be exponential (Beer's law)
 
Andy Resnick said:
Even so, 'perfectly manufactured' glass is oh-so-slightly absorptive.
Indeed, the best glass for optical transmission (silica optical fibre) has losses of about 0.1 dB per km, most of which is due to absorption.

Claude.
 

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