Why does Methane lack 90 degree angles?

AI Thread Summary
The discussion focuses on the molecular structure of methane (CH4) and the geometry of its hydrogen-carbon bonds. Methane exhibits a tetrahedral structure with bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees due to the sp3 hybridization of the carbon atom, which involves the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals. This hybridization results in four equivalent bonds that are symmetrically distributed around the carbon atom, leading to equal spacing. The conversation raises questions about why the hydrogen atoms are not positioned at 90-degree angles, as might be expected from the individual p orbital orientations. However, the tetrahedral arrangement is a consequence of the need for maximum separation of the bonds to minimize electron pair repulsion, which is a key principle in molecular geometry. The discussion clarifies that all four bonds in methane are indeed sp3 hybridized, reinforcing the tetrahedral symmetry rather than aligning at right angles.
Physt
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With the Methane structure of CH4 and an electron structure of Carbon as 1s22s22px12py1 and the electron structure of Hydrogen as 1s1 with P-orbitals separated by 90 degrees from each other and S-orbitals uniform spheres why aren't two of the Hydrogen atoms in a Methane molecule at 90 degree angles (or at some balance between there and the homogenous 109.5 degree angles shown between all Hydrogen atoms)?
 
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Methane has a tetrahedral structure due to its symmetry. The carbon hydrogen bonds are SP3 hybrid bonds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation#sp3_hybrids
There are no unbonded electron pairs on the carbon, so the bonds should distribute themselves more or less equally spaced, which gives a tetrahedron.
 
Khashishi said:
Methane has a tetrahedral structure due to its symmetry. The carbon hydrogen bonds are SP3 hybrid bonds. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation#sp3_hybrids
There are no unbonded electron pairs on the carbon, so the bonds should distribute themselves more or less equally spaced, which gives a tetrahedron.
Right, but if three of the bonds are hybrid bonds why are they not spaced 90 degrees from each other (or more towards 90 degrees than the even 109.5 degrees all around) with the remaining 2s bond spaced evenly away from each of them? Are the 2p shells just a rough "the bond must be within this region" and if so are the Hydrogen atoms spaced at different distances away from the Carbon atom? What I'm trying to understand is why there appears to be no relation between the orbital theory (beyond the total number of possible bonds irrespective of the angles of the bonds) and the location of atoms with regard to each other.
 
Physt said:
Right, but if three of the bonds are hybrid bonds

All four are. sp3 means mixing four bonds (one s and three p) into another four.
 
Borek said:
All four are. sp3 means mixing four bonds (one s and three p) into another four.
Thanks. Likewise for your post in the other thread.
 
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