What is Image: Definition and 1000 Discussions

IMAGE (Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration) is a NASA Medium Explorers mission that studied the global response of the Earth's magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind. It was believed lost but as of August 2018 might be recoverable. It was launched March 25, 2000 by a Delta II rocket from Vandenberg AFB on a two-year mission. Almost six years later, it unexpectedly ceased operations in December 2005 during its extended mission and was declared lost. The spacecraft was part of NASA's Sun-Earth Connections Program, and during its run had over 400 research articles published in peer-reviewed journals using its data. It had special cameras that provided various breakthroughs in understanding the dynamics of plasma around the Earth. The Principal Investigator was Jim Burch of the Southwest Research Institute.
In January 2018, an amateur satellite tracker found it to be transmitting some signals back to Earth. NASA made attempts to communicate with the spacecraft and determine its payload status, but has had to track down and adapt old hardware and software to the current systems. On February 25, contact with IMAGE was again lost only to be reestablished on March 4, 2018. The signal disappeared once again on August 5, 2018. Recovery efforts are underway and if successful NASA may decide to fund a restarted mission.

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  1. Eclair_de_XII

    Saving screen-shot of tkinter window as image

    from PIL import ImageGrab from win32gui import GetWindowRect def find_img_loc(): k=1 folder=sep.join((getcwd(),'screenshots')) initial_file='screenshot'+str(k) filename=lambda x: sep.join((folder,x+'.png')) while exists(filename(initial_file)): k+=1...
  2. PainterGuy

    Gaussian kernel in image processing

    I was reading the following webpage on Gaussian kernel but couldn't understand few details: https://www.imageeprocessing.com/2014/04/gaussian-filter-without-using-matlab.html . Would really appreciate it if you could guide me. Thanks in advance! Here you can find the high-res screenshot of the...
  3. T

    Can someone help me to identify the formula on the attached image?

    I have to do a MATLAB assignment but when it comes to the report (the theory) I am having quite a lot of problems. My tutor used this formula that I am going to attach: However, I don't know if that equation is the Laplace equation, the 2D Heat Diffusion equation, or what exactly that is as I...
  4. F

    Obtaining intensity/irradiance in an image

    Hello, Is it possible to take a picture/image using a digital camera and then obtain the intensity/irradiance (##W/m^2##) of the composing pixels? Should the image be exported in a particular format into a graphics software like photoshop to be able to obtain the irradiance information? Or...
  5. chr2021

    F-104 Starfighter Flight Envelope (contains envelope page image)

    Hello to all forum members, Here is a page from the F-104 flight manual. It shows the flight envelope for the F-104 Starfighter with the powerful -19 turbojet engine: I have a question regarding the shape of the afterburner envelope. In Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators, published in 1965...
  6. M

    Engineering Image Processing: Histograms

    Hi, I was just looking at some conceptual problems on the internet and wanted to check whether my thought process on this question was correct. Question: The two texture images shown below are quite different, but their histograms are identical. Both images have size 80 × 80, with black (0)...
  7. P

    MHB Calculating the Magnitude of Edges for 11x11 Pixel Image

    Hello guys, if I have an image with 11x11 pixels and in the center of the image is a square of 5x5 pixels, with the gray level of the background 0 and the gray level of the square is 50. How can I compute the result of the magnitude of edges(intensity of the contour) given by the compass...
  8. R

    MHB Compute Image Gradient Intensity - No Noise

    Hello guys, if I have an image with 11x11 pixels and in the center of the image is a square of 5x5 pixels, with the gray level of the background 0 and the gray level of the square is 50. How can I compute the result of the magnitude of edges(intensity of the contour) or better said the gradient...
  9. docnet

    Finding the image of a multivariate function

    Hi all, I am trying to figure out a way to simplify this problem to give the image of the map. I have not seen this function before and I am having trouble figuring out what the image should come out as. I have tried graphing u and v separately as a function of x and y in R3 and both surfaces...
  10. P

    Rotating birefringent calcite crystals: precession of image?

    I have been doing some reading about birefringence in order to understand colors observed in different birefringent crystals when I came across the following page in connection with calcite crystal birefringence. https://www.microscopyu.com/tutorials/birefringence-in-calcite-crystals I think I...
  11. A

    I Gravitational lensing: deriving magnification of lensed image

    In gravitational lensing, the image magnification is defined as the image area over the source area. But many texts also give it as the inverse of the determinant of the jacobian, A, of the of the lens equation. My question is how these are equivalent. The lens equation is...
  12. M

    Engineering Image Processing: Convolution vs Filtering

    Hi, So my question is perhaps better asked as: - What is the point of convolution (in 2D image processing)? - Why would we use that operation in image processing? - What is so special about that flipped version of the kernel? Context: In an image processing class, I was learning about the...
  13. Z

    Question about the classic Image Problem

    I am studying the classic image problem (griffins, p. 124) Suppose a point charge ##q## is held a distance ##d## above an infinite grounded conducting plane. Question: What is the potential in the region above the plane? boundary conditions: 1. V = 0 when z = 0 (since the conducting plane is...
  14. A

    MHB Determine its image point after the transformation

    The graph of y=x^2 was transformed to the graph of y=-3(x+5)-2. The point (-3, 9) lies on the graph of y=x^2. Determine its image point after the transformations.
  15. H

    Method of image with Green function

    A conducting sphere of radius a is made up of 3 different shells, upper part a/2 z -a/2, the middle part -a/2 z a, the lower part -a z -a/2 where the center of the sphere is at the origin. The upper part V and the lower part has -V potentials, while the mid part is grounded. Find the...
  16. A

    Image in a glass sphere (Ray Optics)

  17. nish95

    Final Image position for a setup with two lenses

    First image is an object for the concave lens so won't +ve direction change from right to left?! In that case, object distance will be -ve (from concave lens towards right side). Any ideas? Solution in the book takes first image's distance to be +ve. See attached ray diagram for clarification...
  18. P

    Position of the object and image in this optics problem

    I know how to solve the problem but the only thing that's bothering me is what is A? According to me A is should be 2F ie 2 times the focal length distance. I thought of it like this: 1. First there will be an image formed due to the lens. 2. The image will be formed below the lens but the...
  19. sophiecentaur

    Stargazing Using DSLR movies for Astro Image stacking application

    I have used my entry-level Zwo colour camera to get movies of planets and, subject to my limited skills, those movies (Avi format) are handled quite happily by Autostakkert and Registax. I have used my DSLR successfully to take multiple long exposure images and they have stacked fine (of...
  20. M

    MATLAB Plotting a 3D image from a matrix for a complex domain

    Hi PF! Each element of an ##n\times m## matrix is complex valued. In the following code, I call this "domain". There is also an ##n\times m## matrix that is real valued, below I call this "f". I'd like to plot a 3D image where the ##x-y## plane is the complex plain given by the coordinates...
  21. F

    Image charge of source charge in spherical cavity

    All are used to finding the image charge induced by a source charge outside a conducting sphere. The solution is supposed to also work for the case where the source charge is inside the conducting sphere, in which case the sphere is now a conducting cavity. But the solution suggests the image...
  22. jmex

    LaTeX Add Watermark to Document in Lyx: A Guide

    Hi, I have seen people adding watermark in Lyx. I have looked around and found few codes, even tried but unsuccessful. I have installed xwatermark. Can someone help me adding watermark to my report on few pages? Thanks in advance.
  23. atyy

    B Free Online Lecture: Seeing the Unseeable - Capturing an Image of a Black Hole

    Seeing the Unseeable: Capturing an Image of a Black Hole A Free Science Lecture Led by Dr. Sheperd Doeleman, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project made history by capturing an image of the event horizon of a black hole, where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. You are...
  24. Boltzman Oscillation

    What is the difference between PCM and quantization?

    Summary
  25. C

    Which is the correct solution for Optical Image Overlap?

    [Moderator's note: Moved from a technical forum and thus no template. Own effort in next post.]
  26. Boltzman Oscillation

    MATLAB How can I create an equation in matlab for image processing?

    Here is the documentation for the 2DFFT: https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/fft2.html how would I go about creating this formula on MATLAB to apply it on an image? My guess is that I need to create the equation and then multiply it to the image I need such as: $$U = VI$$ where V is my...
  27. Avatrin

    Python Differences between Pillow and Pyplot in turning an array into an image

    The other day I was trying to visualize a field using line integral convolution. I thought I kept failing for days since Pillow was giving me outputs similar to this one (img = Image.fromarray(output_image, 'L')): I thought I was making some mistake until I tried Pyplot...
  28. J

    Point Charge above an Infinite Plate

    Merged thread deleted first post next post is the first post.
  29. D

    Boss asked me to create a spinnable image in a website, but. .

    . . . I'm not programmer, although I do have a basic knowledge of programming and have passed one college course in it. But this could be a foot in the door for me to become useful at something my company might want to expand into in the future. Here is what I am being asked to do. I...
  30. N

    Image position in an optical system?

    I have an plano-convex lens with focal length 75 mm. The object is 325mm from the lens. a) Where is the location of the image after the lens? b) Where is the location of the image if an beamsplitter is placed after the lens? My solution, questions: a) a = 325 mm b = ? mm f = 75 mmm...
  31. lomidrevo

    B The highest resolution image of the Sun’s surface ever taken

    Full article: https://www.aura-astronomy.org/news/nsfs-newest-solar-telescope-produces-first-images/
  32. W

    Show that an image of a Schlicht function contains ##\Delta(0,1/2)##

    Hello everyone this was a problem on one of the exams from last year and I'm having trouble with the last point ##3## my solution for ##1## $$\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{|z|=r}\frac{f(z)}{z}(1+\frac{z}{2re^{i\theta}}+\frac{re^{i\theta}}{2z})dz =$$ I divided this integral into 3 different ones and...
  33. matqkks

    B Number Theory Image: Hooks for Elementary Courses

    Are there any good images that can be used as a hook for an elementary number theory course?
  34. matqkks

    MHB Number Theory Images for Elementary Course

    Are there any good images that can be used as a hook for an elementary number theory course?
  35. K

    Find the refractive index for the lens and find the image distance

    A thin lens has an upper radius of curvature 𝑅1 and a lower radius of curvature 𝑅2. When the lens is completely surrounded by air, it has a focal distance 𝑓. The lens is then placed in the interface between air and water inside a vessel (see figure). Calculate the refractive index for the glass...
  36. Arman777

    Finding the position of an image charge

    I am trying to use the Method of images for this configuration, But somehow I don't know where should I put the imaginary charge. I know the on the surface of the conductor the potential must be zero and the imaginary charge should be other side of the conductor but that's all I cay..
  37. S

    I Find the image of a projection

    ## \dfrac{1}{2} \left(\begin{array}{rrrr} 0 & 2 & -2 & 0 \\ 3 & -2 & 2 & -3 \\ 3 & -4 & 4 & -3 \\ -2 & 2 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right)## The matrix satisfies ##A^2=A##, so it is a projection. To find ##U'##, one can find the ##\text{ker} \ (A-I)=\text{ker} \ (I-A)=\text{im} \ (A)=U'##. Also...
  38. S

    [E&M] Question on the Image charge method of a grounding sphere

    So I was reading Jackson's discussion on Image charge method of a grounding sphere. He first assumed an image charge q inside Sphere with radius a, so the potential for real change and image charge is . The by set potential equal to 0 at x=a, he solved q' and y' Then he can get potential...
  39. Shuvro1994

    I don't know how to get equation 4.41 here in the image

  40. A

    A Performing MLEM with Response Matrix for 4pi Imager and 1x3 Vector Input

    I have a response matrix for my 4pi imager to perform MLEM that has dimensions: (16 x 16 x 18) x (72 x 36) which is Observation Bins x Source Bins. I'm told that I can use MLEM to create an image by feeding in a 1x3 vector of det1, det2, theta into the MLEM algorithm. Where det1, det2 are...
  41. D

    How we see image inside the concave mirror when object is beyond C?

    In concave mirror, when object is beyond C ( centre of curvature) our traditional Ray diagrams show a real and inverted image formed between C and F. But at the same time, if we look directly into the mirror and remove the screen, we see an inverted image which appears to be inside the mirror...
  42. P

    A Real image of a sawtooth standing wave in a musical string?

    Hi there I am teaching resonance and standing waves in stringed instruments at the moment at high school. The theory states that a number of standing waves simultaneously (harmonics) exist in a naturally vibrating musical string, but with varying amplitudes, the 1 st harmonic being loudest...
  43. S

    JavaScript How does pasting an image work, e.g. when composing a PF post?

    I have pasted the image below after copying it from my desktop. The image becomes visible in the Post Composer as soon as you paste it. It also works if you copy from another web page. I assume that JavaScript is able to grab the data from the clipboard and create an IMG element on the fly, and...
  44. D

    Exploring ALMA Image Data with Viridis Colormap

    image_data = fits.getdata(alma_image, ext=0) plt.figure() plt.imshow(image_data, cmap='viridis', vmin=-4, vmax=4) plt.xlim(540,640) plt.ylim(540,640) plt.colorbar(extend='both') plt.clim(0, 1) plt.show()
  45. Superposed_Cat

    Image Compression you can implement in a day

    I need to implement a decent image compression algorithm in a day or two, without using libraries. So it can't be anything with multiple layers, like jpeg. I was thinking huffman encoding, Which would be a good algorithm I can learn to implement in a day or two that is not terrible at it's job.
  46. bob012345

    Infinite Number of Image Charges?

    Consider two opposing mirrors. If they are exactly parallel planes I think there is only a single image in each but if they are slightly angled there appears an "infinite" number of reflections. Similarly, suppose we have grounded conducting planes instead of mirrors with a charge in between...
  47. Avatrin

    Resources for the rectangular segmentation of an image (ML)

    Hi I see there are several articles about how CNN's are used to isolate and classify an object within an nxm rectangular region. While I know how to classify an image into one of p classes, I am not sure how to segment an image into rectangular regions which contain certain objects and, let's...
  48. K

    Medical What can generally be seen in a x-ray image?

    To give context: A friend of mine took an x-ray of his thoracic spine because he's feeling pain in that region. I think he's going to show the x-ray to the doctor this week. I, as a physics student, was asking myself, what can be seen through an x ray. In the case of my friend, it's unlikely...
  49. harrypoterfan

    Solving for image height given ##h_o, d_i##, and r

    $$f = -\frac{-30}{2} = 15$$ solving for ##d_0## in $$f^{-1} = d_i^{-1} + d_0^{-1}$$, $$d_0 = (f^{-1} - d_i^{-1})^{-1}$$ = -36.1364 solving for ##h_i## in $$m = \frac{h_i}{h_0} =-\frac{d_i}{d_o}$$, $$h_i = -d_i\times\frac{h_0}{d_o} = 0.4987$$ I'm told by webassign that it should be negative...
  50. M

    Effects of Lens Element Aberrations on a Fully Corrected Lens Image

    Leitz Summicron 50 is one of the extremelly well corrected lens in the world. Legend says about this lenses internal elements and their spherical aberrations was responsible of lot of beatiful effects on image. For highly corrected lens image , does high internal aberration really effects the...
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