What is System: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory.

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  1. PainterGuy

    Free-body diagram of mechanical system

    Hi, Could you please help me with the queries below? Question 1: Do you think that the free-body diagram for M1 correct? It looks fine except that, I think, the arrow for M_{1}\frac{d^{2}}{dt^{2}}x_{1} should point downward. Question 2: Similarly, I think that the free-body diagram for M2 is...
  2. Arman777

    Python Running a Github File on VS code for windows 10- File system problem (

    I am doing a cosmological work and I need to run a code form this github page https://github.com/ja-vazquez/SimpleMC I download the whole repository as .zip file and I inserted into my desktop. Then I opened it through vs code and this is how it looks like The problem is that, when I run...
  3. Y

    Should we have a socialist grading system in colleges?

    In college I wasn't as fortunate as wealthier students and actually had to work in college. As a result of having less time study, the wealthy kids generally speaking did better, they had more time to study. Should the students with better grades and 4.0 GPA take away 0.5 from their GPA and...
  4. Citronnier

    Film Advance system research for DIY Camera

    Dear All, I'm a french professional photographer working on Still Life and Architecture. As a long time and personnal project I'm working on a 3D printed/Laser cut analog camera that will shoot 6x4.5 frames. In the end it will be some kind of rangefinder with integrated electronic light...
  5. V

    Solve the system of differential equations

    I have my set of differential equations which is dx/dt = -2x, dy/dt=-y+x2, with the initial conditions x(0)=x0 and y(0)=y0. I'm a little confused about how to approach this problem. I thought at first I would differentiate both sides of dx/dt = -2x in order to get d2x/dt2 = -2, and then I would...
  6. Y

    C/C++ Is Learning C and C++ Essential for Understanding Operating Systems?

    Hi I want to know a little more about learning operating system. My grandson told me he is taking a class in operating system and the teacher use C and C++ mostly. He and his friends are in trouble because his school is Java based, none of them really know C++ and C. Is Operating system...
  7. S

    Engineering Cantilever Modeling System - Help requested please

    Please see question attached. I am really stuck on this.
  8. T

    Mechanical System 1D: Need Help?

    I have no idea about a possible solution, please help me :)
  9. S

    I The stellar system genesis & supernova cycle

    AIUI, the early universe, after the Great Recombination, was a fairly, but not absolute, isotropic cloud of mostly H, with some He. Eventually regions of the cloud coalesced into stars, and if the mass was big enough, the temperature & pressure in the star core was sufficient enough for H in...
  10. B

    Misc. My Winter project -- beer delivery system to my second floor

    Let me start off by saying that I realize it would be much easier to haul a fridge up stairs into the man cave , but what fun is that. I have this novel , totally unnecessary project in mind. I want to make a beer delivery system. Something like you would see in a bank drive threw. My man cave...
  11. J

    Finding frequency of spring and friction system

    So first I made an equation representing the forces Fnet=kx-12.8v a=1/m(kx-12.8v). Now I am not really sure how to get w from this. I could argue the mass is at its max amplitude when a=0, but that wouldn't help me find w. If I say x(t)=kx-12.8v, then 1/m would be w^2, but this isn't right...
  12. H

    Measuring the natural frequency of a spring-mass system driving force

    Hi, On a driving force graph ##y = displacement (m)## and ##x = time## where the external force start at t = 0 and the system is in equilibrium at x=0, it's easy to find the driving frequency. $$F = \frac{\omega}{2\pi}, \omega = \frac{2\pi}{T}$$ and we can get ##T## easily with the steady...
  13. appletree23

    Finding the stability of a system using Python code

    I'm given this code to plot the system for task 1 where my teacher have used some random numbers just to show us how the code can be used: The code makes a plot that is given below: So my professor just gave us this code and plot without saying anything more. All the students in the class...
  14. H

    The energy of the first excited state of the system

    Five electrons are in a two-dimensional square potential energy well with sides of length L. The potential energy is infinite at the sides and zero inside. The single-particle energies are given by (h^2/8mL^2) (nx^2+ ny^2) where nx and ny are integers. The energy of the first excited state of...
  15. Cerenkov

    B How can the Observable Universe be a closed system?

    https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-the-universe-a-closed-system.620503/ Hello. I was looking back at this thread from 2012 and, to be honest, I'm a bit confused. Quoting Drakkith... To our knowledge it is. At minimum you could count the observable universe as a closed system because...
  16. berkeman

    Finding expectation value of two operators in a 3 state QM system

    A recent thread by @coolcantalope was accidentally deleted by a Mentor (I won't say which one...), so to restore it we had to use the cached version from Yahoo.com. Below are the posts and replies from that thread. The cached 2-page thread can be found by searching on the thread title, and is...
  17. A

    Exploring the Possibility of Directed Energy for Hybrid Heating System

    Could directed energy fundamentals be used in active confinement by hybridizing the heating system with directed energy. I'm sure I'm wrong in this because I only have my high school diploma.
  18. I

    Find the load saved by a pulley system

    There are 3 different strings in this system. The one pulling P, the one pulling F and the one pulling a pulley. Since the questions says they're ferried across before hitting mast or deck, I'm assuming that they are not stationary. g is gravitational acceleration. P will move twice as fast...
  19. I

    Find the mass of the Sirius system

    I'll be focusing on mainly trying to find a way to solve part a, as I don't actually know how to account for the tilt. When they said degrees arc I assume they're just saying degrees, so I found the distance of Earth to sirius to be around 1.50 x 10^8 km(radius of the earth), because of the...
  20. greg_rack

    Solving System of Equations: Understanding the Analytical Reasons

    Hi guys, I managed to solve this problem just by "rewriting" the first equation of the system as ##t=f(x)## and then substituting that in the second ##y=f(t)## equation, ending(of course) up with the sought ##f(x,y)## function. The problem here is I didn't really understand what I have done and...
  21. C

    Classical Recommendation for a primer on optical system design/optomechanics?

    I am looking for a textbook or handbook on optical system design. I would prefer one that actually derives equations rather than just slapping down rules of thumb, although I would take the latter. My problem is that I've done a ton of bench top optic setups, but my skills are kind of capped at...
  22. E

    I Solar System Diameter: Calculating Distances & Multi-Star Systems

    What is the method of calculating the diameter of a solar system knowing each of its planets distance to the star? Is it a matter of doubling the distance of the furthest planet? What about when a solar system has more than one star?
  23. K

    How to solve spring mass damper system manually?

    The other day when I solved a spring mass damper system in Matlab, I was curious how in olden days would have people solved the equation. We all know the 2nd order differential equation of the system: However if I know the time, damping coefficient, stiffness and mass, will I be able to find...
  24. Leo Liu

    Conservation of energy in a CM system moving at constant velocity

    My book uses ##1/2m_1v_{1c}^2+1/2m_2v_{2c}^2=1/2m_1v_{1c}'^2+1/2m_2v_{2c}'^2## to show that the angles of deflection of the collision between two particles are the same in the centre of mass frame. However, I am doubtful that one can apply the conservation of energy to a "moving" system because...
  25. F

    Calculating Flow rate for an oxygen system

    I'm struggling with calculating the flow rate for an oxygen system. There is a pressurised cylinder. This then joins onto a pressure reducer. Then travels down a length of pipe which branches off to 4 exits there is no restrictions on the exits it just goes to atmospheric pressure. I am yet to...
  26. K

    System of equations and solving for an unknown

    The first thing I do is making the argumented matrix: Then I try to rearrange to make the row echelon form. But maybe that's what confusses me the most. I have tried different ways of doing it, for example changing the order of the equations. I always end up with ##k+number## expression in...
  27. lomidrevo

    I Gravitational Waves Emitted by a Binary System

    Let's assume a binary system with an inclination angle ##i## (angle between the orbital plane and line of sight). Then, according to this source - equations (128) and (129) - for the amplitudes of the tensor polarization modes ("plus": ##+## and "cross": ##\times## polarization) I could write...
  28. LCSphysicist

    Why are fermion states anti-symmetric under exchange operator?

    Let ##L## be the state space of two identical/indistinguishable particles. Let ##L \otimes L## be the state space of the combined system formed by both particle. If the particles were distinguishable, ##LxL## would have four mutually orthogonal states: ## |\phi\rangle|\phi\rangle...
  29. M

    I Excited system in a harmonic potential

    Hello! Assume we have a simple harmonic oscillator potential, in 3D (say created by some electric fields, such as a Paul trap) and inside it we have a 2 level system in the excited state (say an ion in which we care only about 2 levels, for example the lowest 2). The translational energy of the...
  30. Y

    System design for charging battery from turbine alternator

    I am designing a hydro power system that will tie into an off grid solar system. I will be using a 48v carbon AGM battery bank. Will be using the Sol-Ark 12kw inverter/charger, which has 2 built in MPPT charge controllers for solar. Assume the hydro power will be around 5 kw potential, and...
  31. Jason-Li

    Engineering Disturbance in a proportional control system

    Hello, I found an old thread related to this question but it doesn't look correct to me so was looking for some guidance. I have equated Qo = (Q2+Q1*G) / (1+H*G) I did this by rearranging Qo=Q2+G(Q1-Q0*H) I then went on to the calculations and found before step disturbance: Qo=...
  32. JD_PM

    Solving a system of differential equations

    Summary:: We want to find explicit functions ##g(y,t)## and ##f(y,t)## satisfying the following system of differential equations. I attached a very similar solved example. Given the following system of differential equations (assuming ##y \neq 0##) \begin{equation*} -y\partial_t \left(...
  33. I

    I Solving a complex linear system with parameters

    I have to study the solutions of the following system of three equations and three unknowns upon variation of parameters k and h. ix1+kx2-x3 = 1+i (k+i)x1+(1-i)x2-(ik-1)x3 = h kx1+(4+2i)x2-(k-3-3i)x3 = 1-i Obviously i is the imaginary unit. And as stated k and h are the parameters . I can't...
  34. mattlfang

    A ball hitting a two-ball system (with a spring between them)

    I honeslty don't quite know how to start. It seems like the Hooke's coefficent k is independent of the answer to this problem. I would also appreciate any clue of expressing the condition when "balls will collide again". The fact that all balls can keep moving make this rather difficult. It...
  35. P

    Heat Diffusion Equation - Using BCs to model as an orthonormal system

    I've tried to show b) by using the sine Fourier series on ##[0,2a]##, to get ##g_k = \Sigma_{n=0}^{2a} \sqrt\frac{2}{a} Sin(q_k x)## Therefore ##\sqrt\frac{2}{a} = \frac{1}{a} \int_0^{2a} Sin(q_kx)g_k dx## These are equal therefore it is an orthonomal basis. I'm not sure if this is correct so...
  36. mattlfang

    Find the velocity and acceleration of a pulley in a mass-spring system

    This looks like a classical setup but I can't find a solution. We can calculate the energy of the system by looking at the work done by the gravity and the spring. But how do we divide the energy between the kinetic energy of the pulley and the rotation of the pulley?
  37. B

    Circuit Requirements Questions (Design of a stadium lighting system)

    [Thread moved from a technical forum, so no Homework Template is shown] A controller is required to monitor the natural illumination of a sports stadium and, when the ambient light is below a pre-set level, to switch on external lighting. The system is required to be of high integrity, and...
  38. T

    Does change in 'g' affect frequency of mass spring system?

    I attempted using f = 1/(2pi x sqrt l/g) For Earth I found the value of length to be 0.0276m. Then I substituted the value in the equation, putting (1/3)g instead of g, to find the value of f in Mars. My answer is C. I am confused. Please help me.
  39. A

    Help with solution group of a Homogeneous system

    Summary:: need help with solution group of Homogeneous system Is the solution group of the system A^3X = 0 , Is equal to the solution group of the system AX = 0 If this is true you will prove it, if not give a counterexample. thank you.
  40. E

    I Stratification of air in a closed system vs the stack effect

    In thinking about temperature stratification of air: I assume that in a truly closed system with no heat inputs, air would NOT stratify by temperature. On the other hand, a heat source introduced in a closed container would generate stratification while it was generating heat (and following for...
  41. P

    I Solving a system of differential equations by elimination

    I would to know if I'm solving system differential equation by elimination correctly. Could somebody check my sample task and tell if something is wrong?
  42. Eumeme

    B Gravitational Wave System and Locations

    My hypothesis: A sequence with the gravitational waves detected, sent by modulating radio waves, could be received and used by other intelligent beings to find the corresponding sequence within their records and then compare it to calculate our spacetime position in relation to theirs. As...
  43. Urika

    MHB Elastic modulus requirements in mechanical system

    Problem 2 – Composites A composite component (such as shown in Fig.2) is required for an aerospace application. The specification for the component stipulates that it must have an Elastic Modulus in the fibre direction of at least 320 GN/m2, and the transverse direction modulus must not be less...
  44. Martian2020

    B Entanglement and action at a distance -- What coordinate system?

    Maybe my question is naive and due to my not deep enough knowledge of particle physics. I imagine we entangle two particles on Earth and then send one on spaceship going from Earth - two coordinate frames moving in relation to one another. Moments of simultaneity are different for them. When...
  45. K

    Finding mass to resonate a system

    My first step was to calculate Torques acting on system, I found 3, one given(external): a)torque produced by point mass: (m2)grcos(θ)=(m2)gr b)torque produced by spring krsin(θ)rcos(θ)=kr2θ c)external torque τ_o(t)=10sin(20t) I also calculated moments of inertia I=m1r2+(1/2)m1∗r2 then I...
  46. karush

    MHB 311.1.3.19 find h and k in the system

    $\tiny{311.1.3.19}$ find h and k such that the system has, no solution (parallel) ,unique solution (intersection) , many solutions (same line) $\begin{array}{rrr} x_1+hx_2&=2&(1)\\ 4x_2+8x_2&=k&(2) \end{array}$
  47. Devs

    Engineering Mathematics modeling for a Mass-Spring-Damper system

    Summary:: How can I get mathematics modeling for these tree systems? First of all, my mother tongue is not English, so my expression could be ambiguous. I want to get mathematics modeling for these three system above, like this form. First one is b -> (b1+b2), right? but I'm not sure...
  48. karush

    MHB 311.2.2.6 use inverse matrix to solve system of equations

    $\tiny{311.2.2.6}$ Use the inverse to solve the system $\begin{array}{rrrrr} 7x_1&+3x_2&=-9\\ -2x_1&+x_2&=10 \end{array}$ the thing I could not get here without a calculator is $A^{-1}$
  49. A

    Ship thrust required to move out of the plane of our solar system

    Hello, We know that most celestial objects in our solar system are in the equatorial plane of the sun. So too, does most of our spacecraft orbit in this plane as it explores our solar system. For a spacecraft already traveling away from the sun and towards the outer solar system, how hard...
  50. J

    Understanding Tension in a Physics Scenario

    Confused on how to find tension in rope (this would be the force acting on mass 2 that is causing work). Fnet wouldn't be 0 since the speed isn't constant and no acceleration is given. I'm sure I'm suppose to use the masses in an equation somehow, but I'm not sure how. It makes sense that the...
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