To calculate torsional shear stress for square bars, one must understand the concept of shear flow, which is a mechanics of materials property. The formula for shear stress is σ=(Ta)/J, where 'a' is the shortest side of the bar. The calculation of J, the polar moment of inertia, can be approached using the equation J=C(1/3)(b)(a^3), with 'b' as the longer side and a constant C that depends on the ratio of the sides. Accurate methods and tables are available to assist in determining J for various bar dimensions. Understanding these principles is essential for effectively calculating torsional shear stress in square bars.