To determine the distance required for the electrostatic force between two protons to equal the weight of one proton, the relevant equations include Coulomb's law and the gravitational force equation. The electrostatic force can be calculated using F = k * (q1 * q2) / r², where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges of the protons, and r is the distance between them. The weight of a proton can be found using W = m * g, where m is the mass of the proton and g is the acceleration due to gravity. By setting the electrostatic force equal to the weight of a proton, one can solve for the required distance r. This calculation reveals the significant distance needed for the electrostatic force to match the gravitational force acting on a proton.