A straight line has the equation
[tex]y = mx + c[/tex]
here m is called its slope and c is the y-intercept. If you do not know, then this is a formula relating the y-coordinate of a point on the line to its x-coordinate (remember there must be a specific relationship between the x and y coordinates of a point if it moves on a well defined non-arbitrary curve...in this case the curve is a straight line).
A straight line does have a tangent also called its slope. The important thing is that the slope of a straight line is constant (unlike that of other curves which may change from point to point...draw a diagram of a circle to convince yourself that this is so). Secondly, only two parameters are required to fix a straight line:
1. Two points or
2. One point and the slope
3. Slope and y-intercept
The more general equation of a straight line in the cartesian plane is
ax + by + c = 0
but as you can see, it can be transformed into the form mentioned above using simple algebraic manipulations.
Cheers
Vivek