Why is that Nullspace of A is subset of nullspace of A^T*A

Thread 'Derivation of equations of stress tensor transformation'

Hello ! I derived equations of stress tensor 2D transformation. Some details: I have plane ABCD in two cases (see top on the pic) and I know tensor components for case 1 only. Only plane ABCD rotate in two cases (top of the picture) but not coordinate system. Coordinate system rotates only on the bottom of picture. I want to obtain expression that connects tensor for case 1 and tensor for case 2. My attempt: Are these equations correct? Is there more easier expression for stress tensor...

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Thread 'When are Markov Matrices also Martingales?'

Are there known conditions under which a Markov Chain is also a Martingale? I know only that the only Random Walk that is a Martingale is the symmetric one, i.e., p= 1-p =1/2.

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Thread 'Derivation of equations of stress tensor transformation'

Thread 'When are Markov Matrices also Martingales?'

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