Bonding Definition and 185 Threads

Hi everyone. Most of what I've read on thermal neutron cross sections talks only about what isotope makes up the neutron target. Likewise, all of the cross sections listed on Sigma: http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/sigma/index.jsp?as=9&lib=endfb7.1&nsub=10 ... are broken down just by isotope. However...

Effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding is as follows I don't understand one point i.e how occurrence of liquid state is associated with intermolecular hydrogen bonding as intermolecular hydrogen bonding helps in closed packing of molecules it should give rise to solid state.

Not a homework question, just curious. My book says that bonding orbitals from from constructive interference while antibonding orbitals from destructive interference. Since constructive interference increases amplitude, what increases in amplitude from the combination of bonding orbitals? It...

Hi all! I would like to ask your help! I am a rookie in the subject. I have to admit i don't exactly interested in the mathematical way. I really don't have the "basic" advanced math which would needed it. :) Look at me if i would be a high school physics and chemistry teacher whose imaginary...

Homework Statement In a DNA molecule, the base pair adenine and thymine is held together by two hydrogen bonds (see figure below). Let's model one of these hydrogen bonds as four point charges arranged along a straight line. Using the information in the figure below, calculate the...

This is a concept I have never really understood. I mean to say is how can we include such a thing in a theory? How can we use them if we know that they don't actually exist? Are they some sort of calculation tool?

I have a school quiz very soon, and I am having much troubles with the reviews. Can you help please. In the NH4 bond, how many valance electrons does the N use?

If you draw lewis structure, central atom (N) will have 1 lone pair and 4 single bonds with Hydrogen. Why can't hydrogen in this ion molecule be able to form hydrogen bonding with other molecules alike? Is it because there's only 1 electron on the central atom?See for yourself: 5N + 4H -1 = 9...

Nice to hear your comments...

When an object is exposed to radioactive substance then ionising radiation is released. So a mutation can be caused due to radiation but does the object exposed to radioactive substance form an ionic bond? If so how? I heard ionic bond can occur only between a metal and a non-metal.

Homework Statement What type of intermolecular bonding occurs in gaseous CH4? (A) covalent (B) ionic (C) hydrogen (D) van der Waals Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Here is what I did: ruled out B (not ionic) and chose A. The correct answer is D. Is C wrong...

i want an explanation on how electron clouds interact or behave during the formation of an ionic bond. we know that complete transfer of electron/s forms an ionic bond but does the resulting charge differences naturally cause an attraction or is there a valid explanation behind this attraction...

1. The problem statement The potential energy between two ions is u(r) = -α/r2 + β/r8 Determine: (i) The intermolecular distance ro for which the potential energy is minimum (ii) The inter-atomic distance for which the potential energy is zero is R= (2)-1/6ro...

Hi again, I have a couple of questions: 1) Nitrogen (N2) exists liquid and solid. The molecules bond with van der Waals forces. What's the difference between liquid and solid state? Just quantity of van der Waals forces? 2) When is nitrogen ready for freezing? When atoms have such a heat...

For metals like copper(I), how does it have a coordination number of 3 in some compounds like [Cu(P(C6H5)3)3]+. I've learned that these coordination bonds are formed by interacting lone pairs from ligands and empty orbitals on the central metal atom. In this case, copper has a 1+ charge and...

Homework Statement What is the electron pair geometry of the following? SCN− BeCl2 O3 The Attempt at a Solution SCN− Linear BeCl2 Linear O3 Trigonal Planar Homework Statement Would the following structures be polar or nonpolar? (Not applicable if the structure is an...

Homework Statement http://i.minus.com/jsdp6WZ2nqRY9.jpg Homework Equations Sulfur is sp2 hybridized. Sulfur is also nonpolar having an AXE of AX3 and no lone pairs. It is trigonal planar. The Attempt at a Solution I'm not sure if sulfur can be represented by three equivalent...

From a biochemical context, considering the following two dissociation reactions and their respective dissociation constants for a protein-ligand complex: P*A + B ⇔ P + A + B, this contains the a dissociation constant called Ka = 4 x 10^-3 M P*B + A ⇔ P + A + B, this contains the a...

We know that a shell can accommodate a maximum of 2n2 electrons because a shell can have a maximum of n2 orbitals depending upon the value of n, i.e n=1 for K shell, n=2 for L shell, n=3 for M shell, n=4 for N shell and so on. According to Lewis, he pictured the atom in terms of a positively...

Hi I am currently looking for the wavefunction of the bonding orbital of the hydrogen molecule. Does anybody here know how this one might look like? So, since there is no complete analytical solution for the Hydrogen atom Schrödinger equation, I am currently looking for approximations of this...

What is the most powerful bond? Hydrogen bond or Ion-dipole bond?

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is stronger than intramolecular hydrogen bonding. But how to differentiate between an intermolecular and an intramolecular hydrogen bonding ? How can I know if there is the presence of an intermolecular or an intramolecular hydrogen bonding in a molecule ?

Hello everybody, First, sorry for the bad english, it is not my language. I have a few theoretical problems and I would be very thankful if you helped me. 1º: I see the graphic about covalent bonds and potential energy a lot of times and they always say that potential energy...

See attachment for working and details of what i have done.

I'm trying to get a better understanding on how grounding, bonding, and earthing works when high voltage sources interact with lower ones. For example, if you have a 400V AC, 20V AC, and 5V DC source all stored in the same aluminum cabinet (surrounded by a faraday's cage and connected to earth)...

Hey, How do you know how many hydrogen bonds ethanol molecules will form with each other? I know there are 3 sites where H bonds could form (2 lone pairs on oxygen and the hydrogen) but with something like hydrogen fluoride, each molecule only forms 1 H bond on average so shouldn't something...

Hello! I was wondering why, when calculating a formal charge, you actually use that formula of (valence electrons in ground state) - lone electrons after bonding - 1/2(bonded electrons) Lets take H2O. H - O - H The O has 6-4-2 = 0 formal charge. However, the O originally had 6 electrons...

Homework Statement I have attached a solution to one of my homework questions that states "Draw hydrogen bonds that might be formed between a water molecule and the following compounds: a) H3PO4; b) PO43-; c) aniline; d) pyridine; e) ethylamine; f) ethyl ammonium ion; g) acetic acid." My...

Does chlorine make a hydrogen bond? I was doing a practice problem in my book and the question was regarding the intermolecular forces, and the compound had chlorine and it said no, but my professor said it does. Which is true?

Homework Statement Hi, there are 2 pictures in the above,pic 2 shows a diamond in rectangular shape. pic 1 shows the 3D structure of that diamond at a corner of it. As we know,diamond has a giant covalent structure,which means atoms in it are linked together by covalent bonds only...

How to calculate the energy of the bonding state and antibonding state of a hydrogen molecule? and also how to plot the bonding and antibonding wavefunctions. I have solved Ψ(r,θ,Φ) for a hydrogen atom. and calculated the energy states of it with complete analytical approach. now, i need to...

I have a few strain gauges that are going onto the suspension of a race bike. I've never installed these things before. While I have found a lot of information on installing them, I am having a hard time finding many adhesive and chemical options. It seems a lot of them are non-permanent, or...

Hi, I have a question about ions formed during ionic bonding. Is this correct? "Sodium bonds with Chlorine to form Sodium Chloride (NaCl.) Sodium loses one electron & forms a positively charged ion and Chlorine gains one & forms a negatively charged ion." If this is correct, when they...

Bonding force between two slip guages will be inflenced by surface finish,material,wrining effect etc., what is the relationship between all ? Anyone knows how to calculate theoretically?

hello.. i have checked various resources but am unable to get a clear idea of how bonding and antibonding MO exist simultaneously? [following that bonding MO results due to in phase overlapping of atomic orbitals while antibonding MO results due to out of phase overlapping]

Hi, If two atoms of the same element form a bond together, would the bond be purely covalent or would it have a small ionic character as well ? If it does have an ionic character please explain why. Thanks

Homework Statement is significant hydorgen bonding possible in phosphine, PH3 The Attempt at a Solution The text says no, I don't see why not. P has 5 electrons in its outer shells, 3 of those form an ionic bond with the 3 H. That leaves 2 non-binding electrons, those 2 non-binding...

Homework Statement Which of the following substances exhibits significant hydrogen bonding in the liquid state? A) CH_{2}F_{2} B) N_{2}H_{4} C) CH_{3}OCH_{3} D) C_{2}H_{4} E) C_{2}H_{2} Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I know that hydrogen bonding generally only works...

a. What do we know about any quantum-physical law, dictating 8 electrons in the outer atomic shell + the other shells' populations, including the 2 electrons in the innermost. Any physical theory behind these numbers, or just an empirical reality ? b. How reacting atoms 'choose' between...

Hey all, So i am aware that ionic bonding is the giving/recieving of electrons between atoms to form a compound. My question is what is it that makes the electron "move" from one atom to the other, I know that once the electron has moved the atom it came from becomes positively charged and the...

Hello I am currently taking a general chem course, and we are studying bonding. I am having trouble understanding why atoms for ex: 2 separate hydrogen atoms have higher energies than a hydrogen molecule. I understand that atoms/ions are always seeking configurations/geometries that will...

why carbon can form polymers and sillicon not? though both are tetra valent. explain this based on its orbital and bonding energies

So I never got too far into chemistry and had never had much thought put into this. What exactly causes an ionic bond? And I mean, I know the usual 'one atom releases an electron and another gains it, causing net electric charges on both atoms', but what causes the electron to leave an atom to...

Does CN neutral exist? if it will their will be a triple bond but their will be 1 single electron left in the carbon atom now if answer is yes i am all good but if no then why can't 1 unpaired electron remain unbonded?why has it always got to be a "pair" of electrons?

Homework Statement All molecular compounds may have London, Dipole-Dipole, and hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces, affecting their physical and chemical properties. Indicate which intermolecular forces contribute to the attraction between molecules in each of the following classes of...

hello, to preview chemical bonds must be considered only the electrons in the last sublevel and not the electrons in all the level? for example my book talking of carbon sp hybridation say that we shouldn't expect it make 4 bounds but only 3, why if the carbon need exactly 4 electron to...

Good day to all, I'm a newbie to the site and I have a quick question for all you electrical geniuses out there. I will start of with a bit of insight into my question. I am a maintenance Controls Technician in the automotive industry who has some experience, in my earlier years, doing...

Question 1: When hybridization takes place, how do all the hybridized orbitals have the same energy? Here is an extract from my book: sp2 Hybridisation in C2H4: In the formation of ethene molecule, one of the sp2 hybrid orbitals of carbon atom overlaps axially with sp2 hybridised...

Sorry to butt in on your form. Please can someone help me with this – I’m sure it’s simple to those who know but I have been thinking about these 2 problems for ages (and reading up on every website I can find) and still no answer. I am trying to get a basic understanding of this and seem to...

This may be a simple question, but I still haven't a clear answer to it. How do atoms bond together? What force is used to bond them together?? (Please if you could answer both of these questions it would be great.) Thanks.