Sulfur Hybridization and Bonding

In summary, the conversation discusses the structure of sulfur, which is sp2 hybridized and has an AXE of AX3 with no lone pairs, making it trigonal planar. The question arises about the possibility of sulfur being represented by three equivalent resonance structures, considering that a double-bonded oxygen would have a shorter bond length than a single-bonded oxygen to sulfur. It is explained that resonance structures are an approximation and cannot be viewed as independent, and as the molecule moves between structures, the average bond length for each S-O bond will remain the same.
  • #1
Qube
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Homework Statement




http://i.minus.com/jsdp6WZ2nqRY9.jpg

Homework Equations



Sulfur is sp2 hybridized. Sulfur is also nonpolar having an AXE of AX3 and no lone pairs. It is trigonal planar.

The Attempt at a Solution



I'm not sure if sulfur can be represented by three equivalent resonance structures. If one draws the resonance structures there will be one double-bonded oxygen, and a double-bonded oxygen is going to have a shorter bond length than a single bonded oxygen to the sulfur. The problem states that all the oxygen are equidistant, so how can there be three resonance structures in which the distance of the oxygen from the sulfur differ?
 
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  • #2
Qube said:
I'm not sure if sulfur can be represented by three equivalent resonance structures. If one draws the resonance structures there will be one double-bonded oxygen, and a double-bonded oxygen is going to have a shorter bond length than a single bonded oxygen to the sulfur. The problem states that all the oxygen are equidistant, so how can there be three resonance structures in which the distance of the oxygen from the sulfur differ?
First, resonance structures are an approximation. Second, you can't see these structures as independent. As the molecule goes from one structure to the other, the average bond length will be the same for each S-O bond.

By the way, this question should've been posted in the chemistry subforum.
 

What is the hybridization of sulfur in its most common bonding state?

The most common bonding state of sulfur is in its +2 oxidation state, where it is typically found in a sp^3 hybridized state.

What is the difference between sp^2 and sp^3 hybridization?

Sp^2 hybridization occurs when an atom has one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridized together, resulting in three sp^2 orbitals that are 120 degrees apart. Sp^3 hybridization, on the other hand, involves one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridized together, resulting in four sp^3 orbitals that are 109.5 degrees apart.

How does sulfur typically bond with other elements?

Sulfur typically forms covalent bonds with other elements, sharing electrons to fill its outer shell. It can also form ionic bonds by gaining or losing electrons, depending on the oxidation state.

What is the significance of sulfur hybridization in biological molecules?

In biological molecules, sulfur often plays an important role in stabilizing protein structures through disulfide bonds. These bonds form between two sulfur atoms, each with a free electron that can bond with another atom or molecule.

Can sulfur exhibit different hybridization states in different compounds?

Yes, sulfur can exhibit different hybridization states in different compounds depending on the bonding environment and oxidation state. For example, in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), sulfur is in a sp^3d^2 hybridization state, while in sulfur dioxide (SO2), it is in a sp^2 state.

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