Heat Definition and 1000 Threads

I can't understand how both the material and the scale's expansion are being taken into account at the respective temperatures. Please explain the concept in detail.

I have attached the process flow diagram for methanol synthesis by steam reforming of natural gas. In this process, low-pressure steam is used in the reboiler, while high-pressure steam is used to preheat the syngas feed to the methanol reactor (130–250°C). I have already optimized the process...

I tried to use Taylor expansion to see what would happen to the equation, but I kept having problems with the term (hν/kT)² Have a nice day, everyone!

The equation for heat transfer rate, q=-kA (delta T/ delta x). Given that plastic with the same dimension as a metal has a low conductivity than the metal and the heat transfer rate in the materials would be different. Why was the coefficient 'k' thermal conductivity of a material added to the...

Hi All, So I am trying to use a recirculating chiller to cool/heat an insulated container. This chiller sends deionized water through silicone tubing that enters the insulated container it then is passed through copper tubing in the container before it goes back through silicone tubing to go...

Hi, I'm doing a project on heat transfer using hot air piccolo tubes as an anti-ice system on the inside of an airplane wing. I've been reading as much info as possible using research papers from modern times and all the way back to when NASA was still NACA haha. I am planning to do a 3D...

As I'm studying for my PE and taking practice exams, I came across several problems where the solution assumes that a steam turbine is isentropic. I am now all confused and questioning my knowledge up to this point. It says in the problem statement that the turbine is "80% efficient". If that is...

My PE handbook describes how to calculate the "Net Energy Exchange by Radiation Between Two Bodies", as shown below: How can a single value of epsilon be used for heat transfer in both directions? Why does the body need to be small compared to the surroundings?

I've tried to figure out the why of the question. But all i can think of is, somehow, the specific heat capacity of ice is more than the specific heat capacity of liquid water, but how and why is it so, that i'm not sure of.

My first thought was that as the heat current ##I_H## is going to be constant at any cross section of the rod, by the equation of continuity, as the area of cross section is constant throughout the rod. So using: (where ##R_{total}## is the total thermal resistance of the rod) $$I_H =...

Hello All, I have some space outside my room which have sunlight all day. The room heats up to very high temperature. Is there any way I could use that heat to cool down my room without using solar panels? Just a thought.

Hello folks, I have a new different design of solenoid valve and would like to evaluate heat generation in the system. I am a mechanical engineer and might have less understanding of electrical components. Just trying to understand, the solenoid valve will have heat generation due to current...

I'm confused about the wording "runs one-fourth of the time". My professor said we multiply the Q_L by four, but I don't get it conceptually.

Okay, so the first law ##dU=dQ+dW##. We all know that ##dU=C_VdT##. So that means that we have: $$dQ=C_VdT+PdV$$ Now I have a problem. We also have that $$dU=\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial V}\right)_TdV+\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial T}\right)_VdT$$ and substituting that in to ##dQ=dU+dW##...

I am not convinced that the heat entering ##T_l## from ##T_h## is equal to ##Q_l## in the Carnot engine. Why should it be? thanks

I have a thought experiment in mind. Crudely speaking, the second law of thermodynamics implies that there is only a finite amount of change possible in the universe. Once this limit is reached, no more change can occur. The key thing here though is reversibility. If changes were reversible...

I recently noticed that my mouth is heating up after eating some biscuits named as Energy Biscuit. It's not the taste because I can feel it by touching. It's very weird as I have never experienced it before when eating biscuits. So why is this biscuit heating my mouth so much? The product...

I'm using a process that uses heat to catalyze crystallization. I don't have to equipment to really understand what's going on, it could just be incomplete nucleation from a super saturated solution, but when I cool it, it doesn't crystallize. Now, I am in an acid solution (pH between 4-5) so if...

Ok, so i have a question, and an approach to my question. Am i going in the correct direction? Here si the question: I have a high powered rocket i made. It sometimes hits mach 1.9. I would like to calculate the heat generated from going that fast so i can test other materials. Here is what...

Dear all, I have a slab of unknow thickness, with a starting temperature of 1400 K, emplaced over cold ground at a temperature of 285 K (air temperature assumed to be the same and held constant). I do have measures of its cooling curve in terms of radiative heat flux (in Watt) loss at the...

Rayleigh flow refers to frictionless, non-adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of heat addition or rejection is considered. Consider the case of air traveling through a heat exchanger: The air travels through the duct and picks up heat from the surface of the heat...

I'm growing seaweed in outdoor concrete tanks and trying to figure out how much the tanks would heat up during the day. The water is already at 30 C and we don't want them to heat up much more. Our tanks are rectangular and made of concrete, with internal dimensions of 1.8m (L) x 0.8m (W) x...

Hello there, My background is about signal processing, and after having installed a complete photovoltaic generator (7.2 kWp in 3 directions, Victron system) & storage (21 kWh of Pylontech batteries), heat pumps to heat the house (combined a small Jötul stove) and the domestic hot water, I am...

I am currently a highschool student, and while I've learnt a bit about thermodynamics such as the first and second laws, their implications, I'd like to know how that stuff relates to gases and (without going too deep into it) phase change. Due to the structure of our curriculum, I've learnt...

Dear all, I am having some difficulties in generating some heat conduction curves. My problem is: I have an object at a temperature (Th) of 900 K placed on top of a surface with a temperature (Ta) of 300 K (see Figure). The thermal conductivity (K; W M-1 K-1) is 1.5 whilst the thermal...

I tried the following: We know, Q = mc (delta t) but by Joule's law of heating, we also know that H = I^2 R t Assuming that no heat is lost in the surroundings, we get Q = H => mc (delta t) = I^2 R t => (delta t) = (I^2 R t)/(mc) But m = V d = AL d and R = (rho L) / A => (delta t) =...

Information online claims sun is 200 btu per sq ft in winter only when sun is perpendicular to plastic or glass of a green house. When sun hits glass or plastic at an angle there are losses. The steeper the angle the more losses will be. Is it possible to calculate how warm a green house will...

My first problem is to find the absored and rejected heat. Can I say that it is equal to the work done in an isothermal proccess (##dQ=Pdv##)? My reasoning : We have ##dQ=C_V d\theta + Pdv##. For constant temperature it becomes :$$dQ=Pdv$$

I guess the first one is wrong. Because in this cycle we have ##|Q_H| > |Q_L|## then ## |Q_L| - |Q_H| ## is negative and caanot be equal with ##|W|##. Am I right?

Hello! I am new to this forum and I'm not even sure if this is the right place to ask but here goes: I am studying Research Methods. I got to the part where the teacher is teaching us about levels of measurement. They said that there are a few levels but the two that are significant to my...

I mean by accelerating electrons and ions for energy levels in atom

The question says to "neglect the change of volume of the water". This confuses me. Why do we neglect the change of the water's volume? Let's say we didn't. A = Q/It, where A is area, Q is heat, I is intensity, t is time. Q = mc(deltatheta), mass is constant, specific heat is constant (as mass...

A weak (one photon at a time) beam of laser light strikes a double slit. In case 1 the barrier forming the double slit is a mirror. In case 2 the barrier is flat black. An array of detectors surround the experiment and can detect the photon whether it goes through the slit or is reflected. In...

If we have a kg of something that is 100miljon Celsius degrees, and can controlably use this heat somehow, we can sustain life, grow crops, drive steam engines and with these we could build a whole city like New York, we can create a lot of mass with very low entropy, things that are very...

Consider a system which is characterized by the extensive variables ##(U,V,N_1,...,N_m)##. For a quasistatic process which occurs in contact with some pressure reservoir and where the ##N_i## are constant, one has $$dU = TdS -PdV \implies TdS = dQ,$$ where the implication follows from the First...

I know process B absorbs heat but I can't determine the heat of process A. In adiabatic process, Q = 0 but process A is not adiabatic. I only know both W and ΔU will be negative for process A but how to know Q? Thanks

In this steel forging video, does the heat weaken the strong nuclear and electromagnetic forces allowing compression?

I know that ##\dot e_{gen} = \frac {R_{e}i^2} {\pi r^2 L}## the thing is I don't know the value of i. I didn't write it, but another thing that the problem asks is to determine the flow of electric current. The model I came up with using heat generation due to electrical current is $$ \frac...

I didn't have much trouble with part a but I'm struggling with b,c, and d. I considered the efficiency formula for a heat engine e = work done by engine/ qh but i am unsure of how to approach it. for part c) not sure how i can get to Tc without knowing Th for d) my gut is telling me 5/2 but i...

"Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving...

Energy lost by water = Energy gained by ice Energy lost by water = 0.16 x 4200 x (100-t) Energy gained by ice = 0.205 x L + 0.205 x (t) (where t is the temperature at thermal equilibrium). However, there does not appear to be enough info to continue. The solution, however, considered t to be...

According to this, The heat added to the system is proportional to the mass. Does someone please know how that highlighted statement is so? I think it is because the heat increases the internal energy of a system and internal energy is the sum of the translational, rotational, and vibrational...

A typical UK domestic hot water tank holds c. 200 litres of water. Hitherto the common method of heating it to say 60C has been by means of an internal coil of copper pipe through which is pumped hot water from a gas boiler at ~ 70C. Heat transfer on the outside of the coil is by natural...

Referring to the attached, the bottom right is an electronics compartment. The external panels are 20GA steel powder coated yellow. There is 1-inch of R-6 foam board insulation on the inside of all external walls. The skid is exposed to ambient heat and direct sunlight when on site. If we...

For this, Dose anybody please know of a better way to derive the formula without having ##c = \frac{\Delta Q}{m \Delta T}## then taking the limit of both sides at ##\Delta T## approaches zero? I thought ##\Delta Q## like ##\Delta W## was not physically meaningful since by definition ##Q## is...

I am constantly research a wide range of areas and often run into questions I cant seem to find the answer to, no matter how much I ask uncle google. I am looking for open dialog and discussion, so I dont mind getting off topic a bit. I like the inspiration. Tho periodically I may need a...

I ask this question making refference to the Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heaters that have alcohol in their core tube to transfer heat from the Evacuated Tube to the water. Is it possible to make a passive water heater that uses a step system of tubes filled with water in a gradually decreasing...

For this, Dose anybody please know where they got the 120W from? Many thanks!

For part(b), My solution is, ##\Delta E_{int} = Q - W = \frac{3}{2}(P_fV_f - P_iV_i)## ##Q = W + \frac{3}{2}(P_fV_f - P_iV_i)## ##Q = 4000 + \frac{3}{2}((1 \times 10^6)(6 \times 10^{-3}) - (3 \times 10^6)(2 \times 10^{-3})## ##Q = 4000 J## However, according to the solution b. ##−4000 J## Can...