What is Load: Definition and 1000 Discussions

A structural load or structural action is a force, deformation, or acceleration applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation, and displacement in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects loads on structures and structural elements. Excess load may cause structural failure, so this should be considered and controlled during the design of a structure. Particular mechanical structures—such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships, and submarines—are subject to their own particular structural loads and actions. Engineers often evaluate structural loads based upon published regulations, contracts, or specifications. Accepted technical standards are used for acceptance testing and inspection.

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  1. S

    Designing a Strain Gauge Load Cell: Q&A on Force Measurement

    Hello, I'm trying to design a strain gauge load cell for force measurments. I have few questions regarding that. Q1: how to calculate the minimum froce that my load cell can detect? Q2: how to calculate the FSO(full scale output) of my load cell? Q3: Is there any way to measure the...
  2. theOrange

    Load carrying expansion joints

    Are there any expansion joints (for example between two beams) which can carry a shear force?
  3. R

    Compressor aftercooler power load

    Hi, I want to use a compressor aftercooler and to size it I tried to calculate the heat load needed for lowering the outlet Tª to about 50ºC. I was checking the heat load of compressed air at 7bar 100L/min, the compressor manufacturer says outlet Tª should be about 150ºC. Input electrical...
  4. J

    Balanced Three Phase Load System

    Homework Statement f = 60 Hz pf = 0.8 (lagging) Homework Equations Z(L) = 2 (pi) * f * L Given z = x + iy tan(angle) = y/x pf = cos(angle) The Attempt at a Solution I changed the Wye-connected resistors to an equivalent Delta-connected resistors: The new resistors become 3R in the...
  5. medeek

    Wind Load Calculator: Gable Roof Envelope Procedure

    I've recently started working on a wind load calculator. Notice the complexity when overhangs are added to the roof. These load diagrams show the Envelope Procedure for a Gable Roof: Load Case A: Load Case B: If torsional load cases are required then another Load Case A and B...
  6. C

    Hot Air Balloon: Find inside temperature given size, load

    Homework Statement Assuming normal pressure and temperature outside, and normal pressure inside, what should be the inside temperature (in Celsius) if the hot air balloon has diameter 17 meters and carries 446.3 kg load? (Except the mass of air inside, everything else is included in the...
  7. W

    What Are Inertia Loads and How Do They Affect Aircraft Structures?

    I'm reading an old engineering book about aircraft Structures from the 1950s and I don't recognize the term inertia load. Can anyone give me a definition of it? I'm going to take a guess based on what i do know. Inertia is a body's resistance to change in speed and direction. So when some...
  8. A

    Power Plant Load Spike: Get Advice Now

    Dear All, one of our power plant has load spike when engine is running in parrell operation 7 * (3.5MW) capacity. one engine suddenly down the load at zero kw in three seconds again load pick at full load . this engine had an accident of generator blast last year. please advise
  9. EverGreen1231

    Looking for articles/books about Load Flow Analysis

    With work I have not had much time to research this much myself. I was wondering if anyone could give me a link for an article or book that details the process and why's of this calculation; maybe also a short explanation. Thank you in advance, -Tyler.
  10. O

    How Much Torque is Needed to Lift a 1000 lb Load with a Power Screw?

    Homework Statement A power screw with a pitch of 1 mm is directly coupled to a stepper motor rotating at 60 rpm. If the efficiency of the power screw is 35%, what is the stepper motor torque required to raise a 4450 N (1000 lb) load? Homework Equations P=τ*ω τ=F*r The Attempt at...
  11. O

    No load voltage / resistance question

    Homework Statement The no load voltage in the voltage divider circuit is 8V. The smallest load resistor that is ever connected to the divider is 3.6 kΩ. When the divider is loaded v0 is not to drop below 7.5V. Part 2) Assume the voltage divider has been constructed from 1 W resistors. What...
  12. P

    Optimizing Motor Load Power Calculations for Load Flow Analysis

    Hi, If you are entering motor load data (Real and Apparent Powers) into a power system analysis software so that a load flow analysis can be conducted and you are calculating these powers based on current and voltages, do you assume and use the full load power factor for the motor, as...
  13. A

    Stainless steel tube weight load

    I'm building a sun cover for my open air atrium. Dimension is 8x8 ft. I'm building with clear cedar(ver expensive). In one direction, I'm placing 19 8ft 2x4 cedar boards tilted vertical and spaced 5 inches apart. Knowing the boards spanning 8 ft, anchored at both ends to the square frame...
  14. S

    Cantilever statically indeterminate beam with point load

    hi please if anyone can tell me how i can get the following equation (attachments) of deflection for statically indeterminate cantilever beam with point load (attachments). I'm not an engineering student and having difficulty in coming up with boundary conditions. looking for help. thanks
  15. ranju

    Drawing the DC Load Line: Exploring Saturation and Cutoff Points

    while drawing the dc load line , , we take VCE = 0 and mark it as saturation point but but in saturation state VCE is very small but not zero..! I actually want to make clear that whether its a fact or is it just an assumption to find out saturation point..?? similarly for the cutoff point we...
  16. arpansen

    Full load condition of real transformer

    What is the full load condition of a transformer. Then in reference to the equation: Vp = aVs + Req*Ip + jXeq*Ip (the very common complex equation of a simple equivalent circuit ) Should I use Vs= 230 V or Vp = 2300 V in full load load condition or will the magnitude of the primary voltage be...
  17. K

    Gas Turbine: Full Load/Part Load Understanding

    Hi all, I am not able to physically understand the term "load" when we refer to Single Shaft Gas Turbine engines used for power generation purposes. What is causing the torque on the Gas Turbine (GT) to change? Again how the speed is maintained constant while the torque is varied? For a single...
  18. C

    Solving a Lever System: Lever Arm and Load Lengths

    Forgive me if this is in the wrong category. I have a product I am working out - I am a programmer and electronic engineer by trade, which didn't include a lot of work with physics principles. I have a lever system which seems simple - but the trick is, my load is acting as a lever too...
  19. B

    Deflection of fixed beam with point load at center

    i have a 20.5ft c3x5 steel channel with a point load at the exact center and i wanted to determine its maximum deflection. the point load is 921.86lbs, and moment of inertia is 1.86in^4. modulus of E= 30,000,000psi
  20. F

    Strain Gauge Load Cell Questions

    I am not a (real) engineer, but have undertaken an ambitious project which contains some technical intricacies I have to learn on the fly. My first question (of many to come no doubt) is about strain gauge load cell technology - specifically powering the device. My project requires a battery...
  21. B

    Allowable Uniform load on steel channel

    I am attempting to determine the allowable uniform load on a 8ft long C3x5 steel channel A36 steel. i got an answer of about 2,455lbs but idk if that's right. if there is an easy equation to follow or if you know of a table online somewhere that can help that would be awesome! thanks in...
  22. J

    Stress in a plate under tensile load

    Hello everyone ! Homework Statement In an isotropic aluminum plate (L = 200 mm, b = 50 mm, t = 1 mm), an additionally aluminum plate (l = 50mm, b = 50mm, tV = 0.5 mm) is glued in the center area. The plate is loaded in the y-direction with a normal force of Ny = 10000 N. Calculate the...
  23. B

    Max Load for 12ft Steel Ladder on 65 Deg Angle

    I am determining the max load a steel ladder can hold when placed on a 65 degree angle. the ladder is 12 ft long and is made out of HSS 1x1x1/8in square steel tubing. my idea was to treat it as a simple beam with a single concentrated load at the center "P". then once that was determined, to...
  24. H

    Should I take a humanities course or a physics course for my fifth class?

    Hi all, I'm having difficulty selecting a fifth course for this upcoming semester. I figured that this would be the best place to get input from people who have already taken similar classes. Currently, I have registered for: Math 472- Dynamical Systems (the emphasis of the course is on...
  25. E

    First Time w/ Bachelor's Level Class Load Question

    Hello PhysicsForums Community! I have several questions regarding some possible class load schedules for this Fall 2014 term at the University of North Florida (UNF) for a double major in Physics and Mathematics. First, here is a little background about me: I am 19 years old and have...
  26. ranju

    Engineering Load Reactance: Real or Reactive?

    f we are given a single phase load supplied by single phase voltage source..& a current 10<-1500 & the volge at load terminal is 100<600, then what type of power (real or reactive ) will the load absorb & supply?? Its clear here that the load is inductive one..so the power consumed should be...
  27. P

    First semester course load advice

    What's up PF! I'm about to enter my first semester of college, and I've come to ask for some advice in course load. So here are what I am taking this coming fall: PHY 151: Physics II MAT 272: Calculus III MAT 275: Modern Differential Equations CSE 110: Intro to Programming with Java PHI...
  28. T

    Troubleshooting HP 34401a Voltage Meter Load

    Hi every one, I have a HP 34401a meter that is causing some issues with a high impedance sensor input. when I place only the ground wire ( black ) to the input circuit ground, the sensor reading jumps quiet dramatically, this does not happen if i place only the Red wire. I have tried...
  29. B

    What is the Maximum Load Capacity for a HSS 6x6x1/4in Steel Square Tube?

    I have a HSS 6x6x1/4in steel square tube that is 63.5in long. I am trying to determine its maximum load when standing vertically on end (assume it is perfectly vertical and fixed at both ends). I have calculated the following: Moment of Inertia = 28.6in^4 radius of gyration = 2.34in...
  30. B

    How to determine the max load capcity of a steel square tube

    A square tube beam, 4in x 4in x .1875in thick. Length= 36in Cross sectional Area= 2.859in^2 A36 steel How do you determine its max load capacity?
  31. R

    Fixed Pipe Uniform Load Support

    Hello, I am working on a project to be able to support a spray bar assembly with a pipe with a specific diameter. The spray arms, fully extended, sit at 45 deg on hydraulics. To perform maintenance, these hydraulics must be turned off, so a way to support this is needed. The support pipe 103"...
  32. S

    What are the considerations for live load ratings in structural design?

    So I'm looking at some technical drawings here (mechanical engineering co-op) and the live load rating is 100 pounds per square foot (PSF) for this particular drawing. My question is this: why is it so low? Just me standing with my feet together exerts roughly 230 pounds per square foot (i'm...
  33. J

    Maximum Load on a Plastic Sheet

    I am going to attempt to use a sheet of HDPE betwen a concrete footing and the base of a column to allow the column to move with thermal expansion in the structure it is supporting. My question is how can I determine if the HDPE will be crushed by the weight of the column and no longer act as a...
  34. B

    Cyclic symmetry - harmonic load components

    I have a homework problem where I have to solve for the displacements of the attached system using cyclic symmetry. To do this, I know that I have to find the harmonic load components of the system. One thing that my professor did not make clear (or if he did, I missed it) is how to determine...
  35. T

    Calculating Three Phase Power Load: Help & Homework Statement

    Homework Statement I have an exam coming up and one of the practice questions is as follows A 415V 50Hz three phase supply energises a balanced star-connected load through a three phase feeder with a per-phase series impedance of Zline = ( 0.165 + j0.413 ). A power meter at the source end of...
  36. M

    350W PMA: Looking for a Variable Load Solution

    Hi, I'm currently working on my end of the year project for my studies. I have a DC motor mechanically linked to a wind turbine PMA. My aim is to control the speed of this motor (using PWM) to simulate different types of winds. My problem lies on the generator side. I need a load to...
  37. dwn

    How Is Average Power Calculated in a Transformer Circuit?

    Homework Statement Please see the image attached. We are asked to find the average power (P) delivered to ZL. 2. Relevant Questions (My observation of the circuit) The circuit on the left is as follows: V + I1*(5 + jwL) = 0. For the circuit on the right: V = I2*(Z + jωL) Is a=...
  38. S

    Steering axis inclination - load on king pin post bushing

    I would be grateful for any assistance I'm attempting to calculate the load on the bushing in the kingpin post on this steering axle. I've uploaded a pdf of the assembly. The load would be perpendicular to the kingpin center line at the top and bottom of the bushing. I'm not certain how...
  39. M

    What is the relationship between current and voltage in an inductive load?

    Homework Statement An ideal inductor L = 88 mH is connected to a source whose peak potential difference is 65 V. If the frequency is 90 Hz, what is the current at 5 ms? Homework Equations il= Il(ωt-ø) and Il = Vl / Xl The Attempt at a Solution So I did get the answer...
  40. A

    Load Voltage Problem - Find the Fault!

    Homework Statement Problem is in the pic. uploaded. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Also in the pic. The right answer is -3, where is the fault? Thank you!
  41. R

    Sychronous Pernament Magnet Alternator under Load

    Hi I have a question about a Synchronous Permanent Magnet Alternator (Small Wind Turbine Alternator) I want to understand the ratio between RPM and the Voltage from the Alternator. I can't find any equation for that ratio , and I read somewhere on the web , that if I have a load ,than the...
  42. B

    Maximum tensile stress on rod with eccentric rotating tensile load

    I was solving this paper, but got stuck on this question, and it's been bugging me endlessly. I don't know what I'm missing. Here's the question: A rod of 20 dia is fixed to the ceiling of a roof on one end. A rotor of 50 kg mass is attached to the free end with bearings. The CG of the rotor...
  43. T

    Do transformers in chargers act as a load?

    Due to the fact that I don't have any plans on damaging my chargers (something I am not planning to risk at the moment) I have not been able to confirm whether the transformers in chargers act as a load when nothing is charging. From what I have read, based on the design of many chargers, even...
  44. P

    Can a Thin Walled Brass Bushing Handle High Shock Loads at Low Angular Velocity?

    I'm looking for a (needle?) bearing that can sustain shock loads of up to 2.5e5 N, at low angular velocity, but its outer diameter can't be greater than 30mm. as ridiculous as it sounds, any suggestions?
  45. T

    Maximum allowable length for a column under a load (buckling question)

    Homework Statement Here is the problem with the solution: I feel like the solution should be 10.74m. The maximum allowable length should be the lower one. This is because, for example, if we make the column 11m in length. The Pcr in the zy plane would decrease and since we are applying...
  46. Z

    Maximum average power for a purely resistive load

    Homework Statement Consider the circuit shown in the figure below. Suppose that R = 46Ω and Z=j14Ω. Determine the maximum average power that can be delivered to the load if the load is pure resistance. Note that the voltage source magnitude is given as Vmax, not VRMS Homework Equations j =...
  47. S

    What is the Maximum Torque Transmission Capability of a Cone Clutch?

    Hi. I am trying to develop a cone clutch for torque transmission. I have looked a lot over the internet but I cannot find how to calculate the maximum torque transmission capability of a cone clutch. Everywhere they use the equations with inputs of axial force. I want to find the maximum torque...
  48. A

    Can a shear force diagram be a function of applied load P?

    …or must it be of displacement, x? In a shear force, V (or bending moment, M) diagram, isn't it usually the shear force (or bending moment) plotted as a function of displacement, x? When someone asks to "draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams as a function of the applied load...
  49. T

    Telephone Wire with Load and Characteristic Impedance

    Now w/ Attachment: Telephone Wire w/ Load and Characteristic Impedance Homework Statement Please see attachment. Homework Equations I(z)=I+(exp(-γz)) + I-(exp(γz)) V(z)=V+(exp(-γz)) + V-(exp(γz)) The Attempt at a Solution I solved easily for the characteristic impedance and gamma...
  50. Saladsamurai

    Large Diameter Interference Fit: Removal Load

    Hello. I have 2 large diameter cylindrical shells that are "rabbetted" together. I am trying to determine the approximate load required to pull them apart without much success. The parameters are as follows (all length dimensions in inches) and result in a .005" (diametric) interference...
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