What is Materials: Definition and 980 Discussions

A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified based on their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials and their applications.
Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.
In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials.

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  1. J

    Finding Values Using Fe-C Diagram for Materials Engineering Assignment

    Summary:: Need help with finding values using Fe c diagram Hi, I'm doing a materials engineering assignment. In the assignment they require us to make 3 swords being given martenistic steel bars with dimensions 40x100x1000mm with a composition of Fe-0.76wt.%C (eutectoid composition). Sword A...
  2. E

    Other Looking for a Materials Science Textbook?

    Hi, I just wanted to know if anyone has any experience with a textbook that deals with topics like crystals+lattices+symmetries, diffraction, microstructure, mechanical behaviour of materials, etc.? Thanks.
  3. SchroedingersLion

    Learning materials for understanding CPUs

    Greetings, I am enrolled in a graduate level course to HPC computing. The lecture, however, is often very superficial. For example, after the session to processors, I was left wondering about the differences between clock cycles, machine cycles and the difference between FLOP count and clock...
  4. kostasstefan

    I Energy Transfer Through Materials

    Hi and thanks for taking the time to read my question. So, if i take an element and place it on top of another element and heat it, will the heat energy pass through the first and charge the other or it'll melt both elements? Thanks!
  5. dcybroz

    What materials are the most resistant to chemicals?

    Ok so I am building a fume hood What materials are the most resistant to chemicals that are also cheap? also what cfm fan can I use to suck out the air? (asking for someone knowlageable) cats
  6. S

    Appliances Materials for seals in clothes dryers

    Are the felt and foam seals used inside clothes dryers made of different materials than the felt and foam seals used for weather stripping? They look the same. Sites that sell replacement seals mention attaching them with "high temperature glue". Do any glues commonly sold in hardware...
  7. aspodkfpo

    Sound waves affected by wind/sound waves in materials

    Are sound waves in air affected by wind? If the medium of the air propagation travels forward, does the sound also travel faster or is the sound simply vibrations in positions of space which disregard the movement of its medium. Would a transverse wave similarly move faster? If I was to...
  8. J

    MHB How does temperature affect the length of a steel measuring tape?

    Please help me A certain steel tape is known to be 100000 feet long when the temperature of 70°F . When the tape is at a temperature of 10°F, what reading corresponds to a distance of 90000 ft? Coefficient of linear expansion of the tape is 5.833 x 10-6 per °F.
  9. L

    Electrostatically charged materials and IPA

    I just read an article about how electrostaticly charged filters, such as hvac filters, the charge is reduced if soaked in ipa or washed with soapy water. I know some peoe want to save money so they wash the filters. My question is, why does rubbing alcohol and soapy water cancel the charge...
  10. ANSAN

    Need the Permissible Stress (Shear & Bending) values of various materials

    Hi all, i need Permissible stress (Shear & Bending) values of various materials that is used for shaft design, as like below. Is there any software or excel sheet. kindly let know.
  11. DariusP

    I Transmission and absorbance of materials in the deep UV

    I wanted to ask - why do some materials with very high transmittance inevitably start to absorb in deep UV? Is there an explanation?
  12. L

    Stress-Strain Graphs of different materials

    Hello, so I am not actually seeking help sketching the stress strain graphs. However, I am rather confused about the last part of the question to comprehensively label the stress-strain graph of copper with the limit of proportionality etc. Evaluating the graph, it becomes clear that these...
  13. C

    Choosing the Right PPE Gown for Covid-19 Protection: Tips and Recommendations

    After seeing Putin wearing a full face respirator and gown while entering hospital with Covid and seeing a local doctor wearing one too. I ordered the 3M full face respirator like it. But I'm not sure what kind of gown or coveralls to gets. There are many local advertisements about the gown but...
  14. Physics lover

    Eddy current Losses due to different materials

    I know only about Laminated,Iron and wooden coil.I don't know what is Air cored coil. So according to me,it should be Wooden cored coil because less current will flow through wooden cored coil.Ans it will be maximum in Iron cored coil. Please tell,am I correct or not?I don't know the answer.
  15. D

    A B.D. Cullity § C.D. Graham-Introduction Magnetic Materials Solutions

    Hi, I have to check some questions answers for my homework (Problem 3.5 and 3.6). Please help me find this book solution manual.
  16. Jarvis323

    Misc. Unsuitable Materials for DIY Coronavirus Masks

    As you all know, everyone is in a mad DIY mask rush right now as it has become an official recommendation. Some have been searching for the best materials, and some of them have been found to be great filters. However, these non-standard mask materials are also not tested and evaluated for use...
  17. K

    When two materials collide or rub against each other

    When two materials of the same type or different type collide or rub against each other (either slightly or vigorously) that happens around us every day everywhere At the molecular level, do they lose any particles/atoms because of the collision?
  18. M

    Someone me understand the Stiffness of Materials

    Summary:: I would appreciate it someone could help me as my mind is completely gone on this and I am struggling to get the correct answer. Hello, I am trying to use this formula to fill in the rest of the table and I expect to get an answer between 0-5 x10-11. However i am getting nowhere...
  19. Auxirius

    Cyclotron - Vacuum Chamber Materials

    Hi all! So recently me and a group of friends have begun working towards the construction of a cyclotron - and I was wondering, if anybody here would have an idea what kind of materials would be able to be used for the vacuum chamber that aren't specific Aluminium Alloys such as 7075 or 6061...
  20. Dishsoap

    A question re: piezoelectric materials and resonators

    I'm new to the world of acoustics, and I've been reading up on various methods for wireless communication/sensing through ultrasound, especially with piezoelectric materials such as AlN. Fundamentally, I can't seem to find a difference between thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (1 um thick) and...
  21. M_Abubakr

    Micromechanical Vibration Analysis of Composite Materials

    This project is stressing me out along with other workload and I'm in panic mode right now. The brief of the project is in the attachment. I can interpret 4 objectives out of this: (1) Analysing the relation of the physical parameters in the composite material with the characteristics of wave...
  22. T

    What outer structural materials are suitable for high altitude?

    Homework Statement:: n/a Homework Equations:: n/a Hello , I am researching some material science and looking for suitable structural materials for high altitude , low level orbit flight . Would a carbon structure be suitable or would there be pressure problems that cause structural collapse ?
  23. B

    I Fissionable and Fissile materials

    What is the different between fissionable materials and fissile materials? And how I can distinguish between them?I am deeply looking to your answers. Thank you
  24. T

    B Why are Biological Materials easily broken despite being very strong?

    I just wanted to ask something that's being bugging me for quite a while now, if you don't mind. In standard testing, Biological Materials often are found to have impressive strength characteristics, for example, both Type I Collagen, the supporting protein of muscle (And I think Skin as well)...
  25. S

    Water temperature with two materials cooling it

    I converted dm3 to m3, all the degrees to kelvins and found out the specific heat constants of iron and aluminium (0,45 and 0,91 KJ/kg K), but now i am failing to understand how this was supposed to be calculated. The equation given doesn't really help, as there are two unknowns in it: Q and the...
  26. Another

    Questions about moisture and materials

    Q : 1 Materials that can control moisture in themselves ? (I want to know which material has properties similar to this.) 2 Materials that know moisture content without measuring ? (I want to know which material has properties similar to this.) 3 The material has a uniform moisture distribution...
  27. theobromine

    Exploring Black & White Materials: Absorption vs. Reflection

    True black materials theoretically absorbs all wavelengths of visible light. True white materials reflect all wavelengths of light. If a material which was black at room temperature was heated up to incandescence so that it was emitting all visible wavelengths (white light), and then light was...
  28. J

    I Why are there not more ferromagnetic Materials?

    Hellooo I have another questions about that fact that we have only a few solids that are ferromagnetic. In ferromagnetics i also read a few time ago it is important to consider 2 things about the reason why there is no magnetizaion. And i don't really understand both reasons, so i hope you can...
  29. D

    Mechanics of Materials - Tresca and Von Mises criterion

    For the second one I thought I'd find the shear max caused by the first torque, and use the value as my radius in Mohr's circle, then proceed to find the stress and shear caused by the new torsion and moment (in terms of M), and proceed to use the criteria to solve for M. I seem to be going in...
  30. B

    Weird question, with strength of materials (probably)

    Hi, So,I'm helping a guy with his mechanical engineering homework. The problem is that the guy is so off, he doesn't even know the name of the subject. And honestly, I having a hard question finding out what this question is about. I need to proove the Zb=h^2/3 thingy. I have no idea what this...
  31. G

    Are there new environmentally friendly glass materials to make CRT’s?

    I see new environmental friendly glass materials coming in the future. Is it possible for companies to make new cathode ray tube monitors with 100% green environment friendly glass materials. How will this work?
  32. A

    Rigid high magnetic permeability materials

    Hi, for lower frequencies most electrical devices use laminated electric steel , like transformers and motors. But this makes the core made up of individual metal sheets and in older transformers taking the core apart sometimes results in the individual sheets falling apart. Is there any...
  33. M

    A Exploring Conductivity in Semi-Metallic Materials

    Hi, I would like to know if there is some current conduction with hole in semi metal ? thank you
  34. S

    Calculating the integrated Beta dose in dense materials (radiolysis)

    I have plastic which contains large amounts of Co-60 and Cs-137. I have already calculated the integrated (50k years) deposited dose from the gamma radiation using Monte-Carlo methods (SCALE). I am now interested in the contribution to deposited dose from the Beta emissions. -I am assuming that...
  35. V

    Studying materials for basics physics: exercises, not theory

    Not sure if this thread belongs in this section. I was thinking who could give a better advice than the teachers themselves? Please do move the thread if it does not belong here. Thank you. I am first year non-physics student. I kind of never had any experience with physics. I have about 3...
  36. Muhammadfahad

    CuO Unit Cell Optimization w/ DFT: Tips & Advice

    Hello everyone Currently, I am trying to optimize CuO unit cell and CuO(1 1 1) through using gaussian interface and DFT calculation method. can somebody guide me the appropriate parameters in order to do that because so far all the basis sets and functional have failed to work so if you could...
  37. X

    MHB Seeking a specific formula to allow for materials shrinkage

    First, let me apologise if this is in the wrong thread, wrong place, or wrong forum. I've not had any good experiences so far getting an answer I can understand, because my maths education didn’t really prepare me to even begin to try to figure this one out! I'll try to explain the situation...
  38. A

    Enhancing the thermal conductivity of Phase changing materials

    A) What are the modern techniques used for enhancing the thermal conductivity of Phase changing materials (PCM) ? B) what are the negative effects (disadvantages) of using old methods of enhancing thermal conductivity of PCM ? ( construct table ) C) what are the different techniques used for...
  39. fluidistic

    A Photons through transparent materials, what's going on?

    I have read, heard and seen texts and youtube videos about the slowing down of light through matter, and also about why some materials are transparent. I am satisfied with the explanation of the slowing down of photons through matter, but not the explanation of why materials are transparent. I...
  40. N

    Sophisticated Experiment (Thermal Conductivity of Housing Materials)

    Hi everyone, I am currently a third year University Student in the UK and I'm in the midst of doing my dissertation. My dissertation topic (Effective methods of decreasing the thermal Conductivity of Housing Materials) requires that I produce several experiments to test and analyse a certain...
  41. D

    The microscopic expl. of how light is slowed in materials

    In wikipedia I found: If what I underlined is correct, it means that from one incident photon we will get at the other end countless similar photons, as the "shaken" charges radiate "their own electromagnetic wave" (photons, right?). This sounds like light amplification, but the explanation...
  42. P

    I How do electrons in materials interact?

    If an electron is divided into quasiparticles in a material, then at the contact between the two materials does the interaction only occur between holons, since they carry a charge?
  43. A

    Can you make a battery out of light slowing materials?

    I've read about light slowing materials, and I'm wondering if you could slow down light enough, could it be used to say store light from the sun during the day so solar panels could work at night? Or would it not work because the process of slowing light down gradually absorbs some of the...
  44. A

    I Speed of Light in Materials: Explained

    It is commonly said that the speed of light when traveling inside materials is lower than that of light in vacuum, but I don't understand how this can be true. It is the same light traveling, so how can it act differently? Does light appear to be slower in materials because it is not following a...
  45. A

    Engineering Have trouble finding work (PhD in Materials Science & Engineering)

    I am about to graduate with a doctorate in a Materials Science & Engineer degree. I have the following experience: - Mechanical testing such as indentation and bend testing - X-ray/neutron diffraction characterization (in/ex situ)...
  46. W

    I Reading materials on quantum foundations

    Hi all, I have been trying to read up on quantum foundations after being first introduced to it on this Perimeter Institute page: https://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/research/research-areas/quantum-foundations/more-quantum-foundations However, I have had difficulty finding notes and papers on...
  47. R

    Best way to bond laser diode materials together

    chemical vapor deposition, Molecular beam epitaxy or magnetron sputtering What is the best way to bond GaAs to the intrinsic layer of a laser diode? I am planning on building a refactory oven on a concrete pad this summer once I clear of one side of my yard. There is just no way around it...
  48. Joaco

    Studying Condensed Matter Physics Grade vs Materials Science?

    Hi, I'm an undergrad materials engineering student. I am thinking of studying all the way to a PhD as I'm interested on working in research. Right now I work with Semiconductors and I like the field a lot. However, considering what I'm studying, I want to know if it's a good Idea to look for a...
  49. C

    Programs Prerequisites for degree in materials science

    In the UK you would need good grades at A-levels (age 18) in maths, physics and chemistry to start a three year BSc or four year MEng in Materials science. Some universities offer an additional 1 year foundation course if you don't quite have the required grades or possibly a missing subject...
  50. L

    MHB Garden Materials Help: Calculate Circumference, Perimeter, Areas & Costs

    Hi help please You have decided to landscape your back garden, and have chosen to: place a border around your pond (A) replace the broken fence surrounding the garden and add a decorative trellis build a patio in section B spray your lawn with lawn food (it's looking a little patchy) You can...
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