Orbital Definition and 790 Threads

Hello all, I have a question regarding the precise definition of angular momentum in orbital motion. I see one definition says angular momentum h, position, r, and radial velocity, r_dot, are related as follows: h = r x r_dot. However, I also see one definition that says h is related to r and...

In the case of a satellite orbiting the Earth. Would the relative velocity calculated by the Vis Viva equation the same as the orbital speed of the satellite? If the satellite is in an ellipse, would Vis Viva give the circular tangential velocity Vt=rω, or would it give the orbital velocity...

So this should be coming easily, but for some reason I can't seem to grasp why or how this is being done: So say we have equation: 0 = a + (μ/r3) r , where μ = G(M+m) or ≈ GM and M >> m. According to this book, the first step to finding ξ, the Specific Mechanical/Orbital Energy they dot...

In circular motions, one can measure the NetForce on an object with this formula: ΣF = m*v^2/r. But is this formula valid even if the orbital speed of the object is constantly increasing (or constantly decreasing)?

What is the practical feasibility of changing the International Space Station's orbital inclination to match the orbit of the Moon? Major future missions beyond the Earth-Moon system (ie: space colonization) will likely require in-orbit assembly of components from multiple launches. And...

Homework Statement 14.101 The orbit of Phobos, a Martian moon, has an eccentricity of 0.018 and a major semiaxis of length 9380 km. Determine the orbital period of Phobos Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Can you check my solution?

Homework Statement I have the inclinination i which is the angle between the orbital plane and the plane of the sky, i [0,pi/2] if it is in the direct sense ans [pi/2, pi] in the indirect, so here i have an angle i=40 in the direct sense how can i calculate the i in the indirect sense Homework...

My textbook in elementary Q.M. stated that orbital electrons in an atom must have stationary state wavefunctions. Was this just a simplification, the truth being maybe that their wavefunctions can be nonstationary for a little while, but soon decay into stationary ones? I’ve seen an answer...

Homework Statement I need help getting started with this problem At what altitude above the surface of the Moon must a lunar module orbit in order to complete each orbit in 1 h 49 min 39 s? Homework Equations g= Gm/r^2 ? The Attempt at a Solution Not quite sure how to start or anything , any...

Hey, this is going to be my first post here so I'm not sure how it all works, so just tell me if I do something out of order please. Anyway I have been given this homework assignment and part of it was the question stated below...

I need good books on Molecular Orbital Theory. The book(s) should have the basics, and the level should not be less than graduation. I have Quantum mechanics books, but they don't throw any light on this. My course books are rubbish, only mentioning the name of the theory and some illogical...

Granted, the size difference between a hydrogen atom's electron cloud and its nucleus is a factor of one million (~1Å vs ~10^-6Å), but that's still a significant amount of overlap that, I would think, would trigger the occasional interaction.

Can there be a stable nucleus where one has both electrons and antielectrons (either paired or unpaired) in the atomic orbitals? For example, in a ##\beta ^+## decay, could the antielectron released by captured by the atom and remain in orbit as an electron may?

I have a curiosity. I saw recently how a team of researchers discovered two super massive black holes orbiting each other in a far off galaxy. (Google it if you didn’t hear, fascinating how they did it.). Anyway, I read a few things about unsolved mysteries of their formation and how SMBHs...

Homework Statement Question: Drawn an orbital overlap diagram to represent the bonding in ammonia, NH3. Homework Equations [/B] none The Attempt at a Solution I learned that bonding occurs with the outermost s and p orbitals. For nitrogen: 1s2 , 2s2 , 2p3 For Hydrogren: 1s1 X 3. This is...

I am in a chemistry class, and there was an in class example on how to do this type of problem, but then when I looked in the book, there wasn't an equation. the questions are related to what the wavelength will be when electrons are moving between orbitals.

Hi all - I'm looking for a little bit of practical advice on an academic electronics project. I'm working on rehabbing an older laboratory orbital shaker for my lab, and I am working on identifying the issue with its problematic operation. This is the particular product...

Hello! Excuse my ignorance. The forum is full of difficult questions so I even feel a bit ashamed of posting this, But that is the only way I can learn. I do not understand some concepts stated below in the images, and I am not able to grasp what is being said. For instance, I do not know why...

Can someone point me to a resource that describes, or describe, how the orbital speed of stars within galaxies are observed and measured? I'm struggling with how these values can be attained with any confidence in their accuracy. Thanks :)

Hello everybody! I'm layman in physics, but recently I have very strong interest. Now I am struggling to obtain some knowledge all by myself. That's so complex, probably impossible for me... that's why i decided to sign up in the forum and I hope to get help from people who are versed and...

Maintaining R as the constant hypotenuse in the triangle formed by x and y coordinates in a 'perfect' circle, r2=x2+y2 r2=x2+y2 So knowing that in 9.8 metres above ground it will take 1 second for an object to fall, I tried to find how many metres in the X direction an object must cover in 1...

Hello there, We know that for lightlike paths, there are circular geodesics at ##r = 3GM## in Schwarzschild geometry. Suppose an observer flashes his flashlight at ##r=3GM## and after some time the light reappears from the other side of the black hole. The time he measures is ##6 \pi GM##. I...

I'm trying to understand the rotations of rigid diatomic molecules such as HCl. My understanding of the orbital angular momentum is that it is quantized with a total value equal to $$E=\frac{\hbar^2}{2I}J(J+1)$$ where I is the rotational moment of inertia and J is the quantum number. Also, J...

Hey guys, The following thing got me a little bit messed up. I want to calculate the orbital radii of an Hydrogen atom if the angular velocity of the electron is 10^16 * s^-1. At first i set the centripetal force and the electrostatic force as equals. ( m * v^2 )/ r =k * (e^2) /...

Let's say there's five Mars/Earth massed planets orbiting a star like the sun between 0.6 AU and 2 AU, what orbital resonance configuration can they be into ensure maximum stability? Would adding gas giants to the system enhance stability?

A spiral phase plate can change the orbital angular momentum of a beam of light. Should I think of the beam of light carrying the orbital angular momentum or the photons that make up the beam light? If the orbital angular momentum is carried by the individual photons what is being orbited, the...

Homework Statement Consider an electron in a state described by angular wavefunction $$\psi(\theta,\phi)=\sqrt{\frac{3}{4 \pi}}\sin \theta \cos \phi$$ Here θ and φ are the polar and azimuthal angles, respectively, in the spherical coordinate system. i. Calculate the probability that a...

Homework Statement If you stand on the surface of a spherical asteroid of mass 1.12*10^17 kg and radius 20km, how fast must you throw a baseball to put it into orbit at 1.0 m above the surface? Homework Equations PE=KE GMm/r^2 = 1/2mv^2 G = 6,67*10^-11 The Attempt at a Solution I rearranged...

I am trying to understand Wen and Zee's article on topological quantum numbers of Hall fluid on curved space: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.953 They passingly mentiond the fact that a spinning particle with orbital angular momentum $s$ moving on a manifold with...

Homework Statement The gravitational potential energy of a certain rocket at the surface of the Earth is -1.9x10^12 J. The gravitational potential energy of the same rocket 300km above the Earth's surface is -1.8x10^12 J. Assume the mass of the rocket is constant for this problem. A) How much...

I wonder if this question will make sense, but I will do my best shot: As the electron orbits around the nucleus, I imagine there are moments when it is too far away, so it starts to be "pulled toward" the nucleus. If it gets too close, it will be "pushed away". If it is in the orbital area...

For my story i wonder about a situation where Mars try to gain independence from Earth. I specified that fusion ships should have around 100MW for 100 ton in order to maintain miliG acceleration for months. So a destroyer's cannons could fire 10MJ x-ray beams in every second for a while (laser...

Homework Statement The orbit of an asteroid extends from the Earth’s orbit to Jupiter’s orbit, just touching both. Assume that the planetary orbits are circular and co-planar and that Newton’s constant G, the mass of the sun Ms, the mass of the asteroid ma and the radii of the Earth’s and...

Is the wavefront velocity if an OAM mode 1 light beam proportional to its wavelength? I understand that the helical structure step length gives the wavelength of the beam. In this case, a small wavelength beam would travel much slower. The problem is, f=v/λ, but now v<c and if λ is shorter then...

It is known that particles with rest mass cannot travel at the speed of light. Can we also say that particles that travel at subliminal velocity, like these OAM photons do, have mass? It has been demonstrated [1] that these beams can be thought as made of photons that posses intrinsic OAM, and...

Hi! I search the way to calculate the average orbital kinetic energy like is given in :http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Ionization/bun.php?Id=AlI (here is for aluminum). I would like use the underlying method to calculate the average orbital kinetic energy for the silicon (Si) element. If you...

How is the JAXA tether experiment supposed to work in space? I hear the words, "it will act as a drag and cause early de-orbit". However, the tether is orbiting with the satellite (ATV) - same orbit, same speed (velocity), but with less mass and less drag profile than the Host Transfer Vehicle...

Is it plausible that you could launch a flywheel into a geostationary orbit, have it spinning very fast, and from both sides release two parcels at the same time so the flywheel doesn't go off course and so the 2 parcels travel in orbit to the other side of the Earth and re-attach to another...

Is there a difference between orbital speed and angular speed when an object or star is considered to be in a circular motion around another?

Homework Statement A satellite is in circular orbit at an altitude of 800 km above the surface of a nonrotating planet with an orbital speed of 3.7 km/s. The minimum speed needed to escape from the surface of the planet is 9.8 km/s, and G = 6.67 × 10-11 N · m2/kg2. The orbital period of the...

Let's say we have a transition from state 2p to 1s of an hydrogen atom's electron. The intensity radiated by the electron is given by I = 4/3 ωfi4 e2/c3 |< f | r | i >|2. If we take the the | 2 1 1 > → | 1 0 0 > transition for example, we must compute the following integral : < f | r | i > =...

Homework Statement A particle in central force field has the orbit r=cφ^2, c is a constant. Find the potential energy, Find r and phi in terms of t. I get how to find the potential energy and found it to be U=-l^2/mu (2c/r^3+l/2r^2) l is angular momentum and mu is the reduced mass But how do I...

Homework Statement Planet X of mass mx = 2.1 × 1024 kg orbits S in uniform circular motion at a distance rx and with a period Px = 2.1 years (=66225600 s). The mass of the star S is MS = 2 × 1031 kg and its radius is RS = 3.2 × 108m. Homework Equations T=2pi * sqrt(r3/(GM) The Attempt at a...

Homework Statement A hydrogen atom is in the 3d state. Determine the orbital angular momentum. Homework Equations unnecessary The Attempt at a Solution I already know how to figure this out and have an answer but WHAT ARE the units?! It's not kgm/s^2!

Given that the time is relatively slower for a moving object that a stationary object, does the relative difference have an effect on satellite communications? For instance, if a geostationary satellite, which is traveling very fast to appear stationary on Earth (and therefore experiencing a...

Homework Statement Homework Equations none This is how I was taught to draw orbital overlap diagrams in my lesson: The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I have drawn four attempts for a possible orbital overlap diagram of NH3: Attempt # 1: For this one, are the atoms arranged correctly...

9/1/2016 Orbital mechanics Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This reference states: "General relativity is a more exact theory than Newton's laws for calculating orbits, and is sometimes necessary for greater accuracy or in highgravity situations (such as orbits close to the Sun)". Can GR...

I was going through the chapter Chemical Bonding in one of the books and found something about orbital dipole due to lone pairs. In each diagram the orbital dipole due to lone pair was directed from the central atom to the end of the hybridized orbital (lone pair). Why is that so?

So I'm really interested in orbital mechanics. I'm only 16 so my knowledge of physics is restricted to an intermediate level. If there is a planet with large mass and a planet with small mass they are attracted to each other... So imagine a system where the large mass is fixed and the small...

What are the physical significances of the eccentricity and of the semi-latus rectum of the orbital ellipse?