Temperature Definition and 1000 Threads

I know for sure PICO will be measuring polarization anisotropies with high fidelity. In addition, the PICO science paper shows that it will make full-sky Compton-y maps but the plots are mostly limited to l=1000. Will PICO be able to measure kSZ temperature anisotropy at l=3000?

If there weren't phase changes occurring I know that the temperature equilibrium would be ##T_e=\frac{m_{ice}c_{ice}T_{ice}+m_{w}c_{w}T_{w}}{m_{ice}c_{ice}+m_{w}c_{w}}##. Now, by repeating the reasoning to get the above formula (##\sum \Delta Q=0##) and adding the phase changes of the water...

Hi all, I have some data from an automatic weather station, with recordings of both 2m air temperature and 2m air pressure and also the surface temperature. Is it possible to estimate vertical wind speeds between the AWS and the surface based upon this data? Imagine T_a = 15 degrees and T_s =...

I have a question about the Thermodynamic Identity. The Thermodynamic Identity is given by dU = TdS - PdV + \mu dN . We assume that the volume V and that the number of particles N is constant. Thus the Thermodynamic Identity becomes dU = TdS . Assume that we add heat to the system (we see that...

Hello I have a digital thermometer that I put into a wooden enclosure. It has horizontal holes drilled into its sides all around to let air in. On the bottom there is an opening around 1/3 of the width, like in attached photo. And I was thinking about certain thing. When I put a bare...

By chance, I have read a paper that left me in shambles. I would like you to help me figure out if it makes sense or not. I tried to follow Bridgman's logic, without a complete success. The extraordinary claim is that, if you start with a system consisting of a 1cm^3 copper cube where 2 faces...

Hi all, I'm trying to derive fuel temperature coefficient in a TRIGA reactor using a monte carlo code. When i do that, if i assume a radial temperature profile along the core, i obtain smaller value (-7pcm/K) than the one achieved with uniform temperature (-9pcm/K). More in detail: in my case...

I know in this case cube A would heat up faster, but would cube B eventually reach the same temperature?

Hi all These days I am refreshing my knowledge on the concept and measurement of temperature. One way of defining temperature is in terms of how it is measured. This can be done by observing the variation of some properties which vary linearly with the hotness(temperature) of bodies. I studied...

Hi, Originally, the absolute temperature was thought to be around -273 Celsius around 1750 and it was the result extrapolation of of ideal gas law as shown below. I find it hard to phrase my question. But the question is how come they were so confident that the relationship between the volume...

I found this equation: and kB and T are Boltzmann constant and temperature, respectively.

I like using polypropylene dishware e.g. spoon, and storage box. I can see that from its label sometimes the maximum temperature recommended is 110 degree C or 120 degree C but it usually doesn't go away from this range. By common sense, I will never heat the polypropylene dishware directly but...

Summary:: Hello, I am doing a report for my IB course that requires some mathematics to be done. I have found this thread incredibly useful and I would like to reach out to ask for some clarification. My experiment recorded the magnetic flux density directly above neodymium disc magnet, at...

I was studying radio waves phenomenons and found this on Wikipedia: "Tropospheric ducting is a type of radio propagation that tends to happen during periods of stable, anticyclonic weather. In this propagation method, when the signal encounters a rise in temperature in the atmosphere instead of...

Hi, I've checked the literature but couldn't find any formulas or examples for this particular problem involving heat sink with straight fins: As you can see, I want to assume: - power at the bottom surface - convection (known ambient temperature and heat transfer coefficient) at the...

Hi, I need to calculate the temperature of a wire, due electric current passing through, and I have no idea how to do that. I need it for a device that I want assemble. I'm using one single thread (strand) of speaker cable, like you can see in this picture: Again, Just a single thread that...

Hi, I notice from the graph that every night when the temperature reaches -2/-3 °C the curve change first the slope and then the concavity. Is something special happening?

How did you find PF?: Google l was asked how hot would our IT space get if we lost all air conditioning. The space is 20' x 15' x 10', We keep set point at 70 F and have 80 kW of load. Assuming this exists in a well insulate container with 20 racks of equipment. Doesn't have to be perfect but...

Variables: Dependent: Vibrational frequency of violin string (Measured using mobile tuning app) Independent: Temperature in which string is plucked (Measured using infrared thermometer) Controlled: Violin String, Tension of violin string, Length of violin string, Method of plucking...

The effect of temperature change in Le Chatelier's Principle is given by the equation $$ \log \left(\frac{\mathrm{K}_{2}}{\mathrm{~K}_{1}}\right)=\frac{\Delta \mathrm{H}}{2.303 \mathrm{R}}\left[\frac{1}{\mathrm{~T}_{1}}-\frac{1}{\mathrm{~T}_{2}}\right] $$. How to derive $$ \log...

We've been discussing what it takes to get a sauna to heat to 240F. Most sauna heaters will have some stones to provide mass to hold heat. The question is whether lots of stone mass will make it easier to reach higher temperatures. My argument is that it does. Imagine heating a room using a...

Here it is specified that optimum operating temp for industrial C02 laser is within the range 59 °F to 77 °F. This is what is generally specified online, but it leads to a number of questions; How is this measured? Does it refer to the whole unit, or the point of emission of the beam, or some...

A black-body absorbs and emits radiation if heated, but it does not reflect or transmit radiation.What is the temperature of dark matter?

So for part a, I separately minimized F wrt ##\theta## and ##P## and got the following. $$\frac {\partial f} {\partial \theta} = a_{\theta}(T-T_{\theta})\theta + b_{\theta}\theta^3 - tP = 0$$ $$ \frac {\partial f} {\partial P} = \alpha(T-T_P)P -t\theta$$ $$ P = t\theta \alpha (T-T_P) $$ Then...

Hi, I am not quite sure if I have calculated the homework correctly :-) I proceeded in such a way that I first calculated from which frequency the two terms are equal, and thus the equation results in zero. Then I figured a relative accuracy of 10% equals a relative error of 90%. So I...

The following link states that: "since kT ~ mpv2. A typical velocity dispersion 700 km/s implies T ~ 6 x 107 K from this source alone." How did they get 6*10^7K ? When I try this, using mp = 1.67*10^-27 , k =1.38*10^-23 I end up getting 84 as a final answer, nowhere near 6*10^7. Can anyone...

Apparently, it's possible to cool surfaces below ambient air temperature by passive (no input of energy required) radiative cooling to harvest water from the atmosphere: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abf3978 There's also a Nature paper about this effect, but behind a paywall...

Hi, I have to calculate the maximum flame temperature of the reaction above. The answer is 4805K but I didn't manage to obtain that answer. Please help me find my error, thank you so much! The values of C are below the solution attempt.

Hello! In many precision experiment, especially those overlapping with quantum computing techniques, such as trapping a few ions in a Paul trap, they use cryogenic systems (around 1K). I am not totally sure I fully understand the advantage of that, compared to room temperature. For example, a...

Hi everyone, I would like to get some help with the following problem. I'm not sure if my answer is feasible. Thanks. My attempt at a solution: I used the noise power equation: Pn= 10*log10(kTB) and converted the -100 dBm to dBW by subtracting 30 dB to get -130 dBW. Then I tried to find the...

I am looking to approximately calculate the temperature change of a sample that was exposed to a laser pulse. Experimentally, we know the optical absorption, reflection, and transmission, as well as the source parameters for our laser system. I realize that I will have to make approximations...

If I look at the specific heat equation mentioned, then I would be inclined to think that without heat energy being added to the gaseous mass its temperature cannot rise. But, if some form of energy like chemical energy in gaseous mass could be directly converted to internal energy of the same...

The text gives the answer as 92ºC. The answer is arrived at by doing ##Q=Mgh=mc\Delta T##. But it is unclear to me if they are the same. I checked the coefficient of friction and it definitely seems to be considerable. Is the entire PE lost by the truck going to result in increasing the...

Can we make sense out of the formula of entropy like we do for density (like "quantity of mass per unit volume")? What's the sense of Q/T? Couldn't it be something else? Of course it probably is a 'me-problem', but I haven't studied Thermodynamics deeply yet and was wondering what Entropy...

I am new to the field of climate change. Are there publicly available simulation code for Earth's temperature history, going back, say 2000 years, with a resolution on the order of years? Thank you very much.

Changing the temperature of a metal changes the resistivity. But It also changes the size of a sample under test. Does the change in size have an additional effect on the resistance or is that already factored in ?

I have read some documents on the subject, but until now, unfortunately, I still do not have a good understanding of them, most likely due to personal shortcomings that start from physics. In this regard, I would like to try here to expose some doubts that will almost certainly appear very...

So when volume decreases, pressure increases according to Boyle's Gas Law and the ideal Gas Law. In other words, compressing gas into a smaller volume increases the vapor pressure. And also, According to Gay-Lussac's Law and ideal Gas Law, when pressure increases on a gas, temperature also...

As mentioned above, I wanted to devise an equation that can relate the colour of a surface to the temperature on the surface. I tried using the general definition of albedo and combining it with the Stefan-Boltzmann equation (see above, Relevant Equations). However this means that the higher the...

Hello, So I know that a ceiling fan either operate clockwise (winter mode) or counter-clockwise (summer mode) and while the fan is meant for just moving air around, I'm wondering if utilizing a ceiling fan and an opened skylight window only a few feet near the ceiling fan would help move the...

I have computed ##T_x## and ##T_y## and evaluated it at the point (20, 20). ## \frac {-450*x}{x^2 + y^2 + 1)^(\frac {3} {2}} - \frac {420*(x + 10)} {(x + 10)^2 + (y - 20)^2 + 1)^(\frac {3} {2}}, \frac {-450*y}{x^2 + y^2 + 1)^(\frac {3} {2}} - \frac {420*(y - 20)} {(x + 10)^2 + (y - 20)^2 +...

Summary:: Given a known closed space/apparatus ( e.g. constant volume, pressure, density, current, temperature, voltage, spark gap distance - let me know if I missed something) how would I compute the change in gas temperature. Hello, Given a known closed space/apparatus ( e.g. constant...

My astronomy textbook includes this graph of the temperature of the Sun's Corona versus the distance above the photosphere. It appears to go up from 4,500 K to over 1 million K at 20,000 km above the photosphere. But at what point does it come back down? Or does it not? Does that mean the...

Using water bath to maintain temperature of the component

Solution attempt : Option : I am sure that my work is wrong. But, I must add solution attempt in PF that's why I just added that. How can I solve the problem?

Yesterday's high temperature here was 38.4C (101.1F). The early morning low on 15 Jan 2020 was -44.2C (-47.6F). In the last 18 months, my city has had a spread of actual temperatures of 82.6C (148.7F).

So, the Cp and Cv its very confusing for me. But, i understand what's its happening in this process, so, i use the logic and first i obtain a ecuation for obtain the final temperature ecuaticon: Q=m*C*△T Q=m*C*(T2-T1) T2=(Q+T1)/(m*C) If the process its in constant pressure, i use the Cp valor...

So I've been trying to start a fire in which was successful for 10 minutes then died down due to high moisture in the leaves and branches. Which made me think of this phenomenon. is there a graph relationship to burning an organic, non-metal material that is well defined in relation to the...

Hi. I'm just a curious person with high-school-level scientific knowledge. However, I was wondering if a specially-engineered Generation IV high or very high temperature (800-1,000ºC) nuclear reactor could work in Venus using the local atmosphere at 450ºC as "coolant", just like a "typical"...

Hello everyone. I have reading about IR radiation, reflectivity, and emissivity of materials. Metals, in general, seem to be excellent reflectors or IR radiation (they are like infrared mirrors. That said, why do they get so hot when they are left in the sun? A metal roof cannot be touched...