A sphere released from rest from the top of a hemisphere

In summary, the conversation discusses the problem of determining the angle at which an object with cylindrical symmetry will leave a hemisphere when released from rest. The approach involves using an energy equation and an equation of forces in the radial direction, along with the constraint of rolling without slipping. The problem lies in reconciling the naive approach of assuming the center of mass velocity is equal to the angular velocity times the radius, with the geometric approach that takes into account the change in orientation of the sphere relative to the hemisphere. Both approaches result in slightly different answers, but the difference is negligible.
  • #1
RoyalCat
671
2
EDIT:
Problem solved, the mistake was in the statement that the point of contact traces out an arc of length [tex]\theta r[/tex] on the hemisphere. This statement neglects the change in orientation of the sphere relative to the hemisphere.

An object with cylindrical symmetry (Full/hollow sphere, cylinder, ring, point mass, etc.) of radius r is released from rest, from the top of a hemisphere of radius R, and rolls without slipping.

At what angle, [tex]\phi_c[/tex] will it leave the hemisphere?

The approach is fairly straightforward, an energy equation relating the energies at the top of the hemisphere and at the point of release (Kinetic energy of the CM, kinetic energy of rotation about the CM, gravitational potential energy), and an equation of forces in the radial direction at the point of disengagement (Normal force goes to 0, gravity provides centripetal acceleration). Putting all these together with the geometrical constraint of rolling without slipping allows us to solve for the critical angle.

The problem here lies in the geometry and in relating the velocity of the center of mass to the angular velocity about the center of mass.

On the one hand, since we have rolling without slipping (Albeit along a curved surface), following the naive approach, one can make the case that [tex]V_{cm} = \omega r[/tex] since that would ensure 0 relative velocity between the point of contact and the surface of the hemisphere.

On the other hand, taking the geometric approach: (See attachment)
As the object rotates through an angle [tex]\theta[/tex], the point of contact traces out a path of length [tex]\theta r[/tex]
This path is a circular arc of angle [tex]\phi[/tex] and of radius [tex]R[/tex]
The path the center of mass takes, is marked [tex]s[/tex]
It subtends the same angle [tex]\phi[/tex] but is of radius [tex]R+r[/tex]

Equating the two expressions for [tex]\phi[/tex] one finds:
[tex]\frac{s}{R+r} = \frac{\theta r}{R}[/tex]

Solving for [tex]s[/tex] and differentiating with respect to time, noting that [tex]\dot s = V_{cm}[/tex] one finds:
[tex]V_{cm} = \omega r \frac{R+r}{R}[/tex]This is all making me feel quite uneasy, as it is hard to reconcile the two. Taking the geometric approach leads to a contradiction, since it gives the point of contact velocity relative to the surface of the hemisphere, but the naive approach doesn't square with the geometry (Pun not intended).

Any guidance would be greatly appreciated. :)

P.S.
The final answers don't differ by much.
If we assign [tex]I=kmr^2[/tex]
The two answers are:
Naive approach: [tex]\cos{\phi_c} = \frac{2}{3+k}[/tex]
Geometric approach: [tex]\cos{\phi_c} = \frac{2}{3+k(\frac{R}{R+r})^2}[/tex]
 

Attachments

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  • #2
The difference is negligible, and should be even smaller for full spheres, since k goes to 0.5. But the contradiction still bugs me.
 

What is the meaning of "a sphere released from rest from the top of a hemisphere"?

This means that a spherical object is placed at the top of a hemisphere and then allowed to fall without any initial velocity.

What is the initial speed of the sphere when released from rest from the top of a hemisphere?

The initial speed is zero, as the sphere is not given any initial velocity and is simply allowed to fall due to gravity.

What is the path of the sphere when released from rest from the top of a hemisphere?

The sphere will follow a curved path as it falls down the hemisphere, eventually reaching the bottom.

What forces act on the sphere when released from rest from the top of a hemisphere?

The only force acting on the sphere is gravity, which pulls the sphere towards the center of the hemisphere.

What factors can affect the motion of the sphere when released from rest from the top of a hemisphere?

The motion of the sphere can be affected by factors such as the mass of the sphere, the shape of the hemisphere, and the force of gravity.

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