Bernoulli Equation - sign of gravitational acceleration

In summary: This is because the equation is derived from the conservation of energy principle, where energy increases in the direction of flow. In summary, the reference frame and sign convention used in the Bernoulli equation are crucial in obtaining the correct solution for the maximum water velocity from different faucets in the building.
  • #1
lebman1
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Homework Statement


Water flows from the faucet on the first floor of the building shown in the figure with a maximum velocity of 20 ft/s. For steady inviscid flow, determine the maximum water velocity from the basement faucet and from the faucet on the second floor. Assume each floor is 12 ft tall.
fiAVcJJ.png


Homework Equations


Bernoulli:
SygUNaj.gif


The Attempt at a Solution


Taking the north direction as the positive z-axis and assuming all pressures are 0 (free jet). Assuming the (1) is position is z = 0.
zE3YFUJ.gif

So, v1 = -20 ft/s, z1 = 0
z2 = -12 ft, g= -32ft/s^2

This gives a negative value for v2 squared, with no real solution. The correct answer is obtained by using g = 32ft/s instead of -32ft/s. I don't understand why. According to the reference frame I have chosen, the (2) position is negative, and so should be the gravitational acceleration since this is the direction the Earth is pulling the water to. So if I take into account the direction for the elevation variable in Bernoulli's eq, it makes sense to also take it into account for the gravitational acceleration. Otherwise it makes no sense and it is inconsistent.

What am I missing?
 
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  • #2
In the Bernoulli equation, z is always measured upward and g is always taken as positive.
 

What is the Bernoulli Equation?

The Bernoulli Equation is a fundamental principle in fluid mechanics that relates the pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid in a steady flow system.

How is the Bernoulli Equation derived?

The Bernoulli Equation is derived from the conservation of energy principle, which states that the total energy of a system remains constant. By applying this principle to a fluid flow, the Bernoulli Equation is derived.

What is the sign of gravitational acceleration in the Bernoulli Equation?

The sign of gravitational acceleration in the Bernoulli Equation is negative, as it represents the downward force of gravity acting on the fluid.

Can the Bernoulli Equation be used for both compressible and incompressible fluids?

Yes, the Bernoulli Equation can be used for both compressible and incompressible fluids, as long as the flow is steady and the fluid properties are constant.

How is the Bernoulli Equation used in real-world applications?

The Bernoulli Equation is used in many real-world applications, such as in aerodynamics, hydraulics, and in the design of airplanes, cars, and pipelines. It is also used in the analysis of blood flow in the human body and in the design of medical devices.

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