Amino acids are organic compounds characterized by the presence of both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), which gives them their name. The general chemical formula for amino acids is typically represented as R-CH(NH2)-COOH, where R represents a variable side chain that determines the specific properties of each amino acid. These compounds can link together through peptide bonds to form peptides, polypeptides, and proteins, playing a crucial role in biological processes and the structure of living organisms.