The discussion focuses on memory distribution and cache memory. Cache memory is defined as a temporary storage area for frequently accessed information, which enhances retrieval speed and efficiency. The size and speed of cache can vary, impacting performance, especially when reopening programs. The conversation also touches on memory distribution, mentioning a hierarchical structure where processor registers are at the top, followed by DRAM, and CD-ROM at the bottom. However, there is some ambiguity regarding specific configurations for memory distribution, indicating a need for more clarity on the topic.