Exact Differential Equations for Level Curves of u(x,y) = cos(x^2-y^2)

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around finding the exact differential equation for the function u(x,y) = cos(x² - y²) and determining the nature of its level curves. Participants are exploring the relationship between the partial derivatives and the conditions for exactness in differential equations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss the calculation of partial derivatives and the conditions for exactness. There is an exploration of using integration factors and checking for exactness through derivatives of P and Q. Questions arise regarding the implications of the equation du = 0 and the continuity of partial derivatives.

Discussion Status

The discussion is active, with participants examining different aspects of the problem, including the exactness of the differential equation and the implications of the level curves. Some participants have identified that the equations are exact, while others are still exploring the implications of their findings.

Contextual Notes

There is a focus on the conditions under which the differential equation is considered exact, and participants are navigating through the implications of their calculations without reaching a definitive conclusion on the general solution.

Mark Brewer
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Homework Statement



Given u(x.y), find the exact differential equation du = 0. What sort of curves are the solution curves u(x,y) = constant? (These are called the level curves of u).

u = cos(x2 - y2)

The Attempt at a Solution


partial derivative du/dx = (-2x)sin(x2 - y2)dx
partial derivative du/dy = (2y)sin (x2 - y2)dy

P = (-2x)sin(x2 - y2)dx ; Q = (2y)sin (x2 - y2)dy

I found that they're not exact differential equations

so, I'm using integration factors.

1/Q(P dx - Q dy) = R(x)

(1/(2y)sin (x2 - y2))((-2x)sin(x2 - y2) - (2y)sin (x2 - y2)) = R(x)

I get, R(x) = -x/y

Then,

F = exp^(R(x))dx

I get, F = exp^((-x^2)/(2y))

Then,

M = FP and N = FQ

so,

M = (exp^((-x^2)/(2y)))((-2x)sin(x2 - y2))

and

N = (exp^((-x^2)/(2y)))((2y)sin (x2 - y2))

I then took the partial derivative of M in respect to y, and this is where I am getting stuck.

I also have to take the partial derivative of N in respect to x.

Any help would be much appreciated.
 
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At constant u,
$$du=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}dy=0$$
What does this tell you about dy/dx?

Chet
 
Chestermiller said:
At constant u,
$$du=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}dy=0$$
What does this tell you about dy/dx?

Chet

I believe it tells me that the partial derivatives are continuous
 
Mark Brewer said:
I believe it tells me that the partial derivatives are continuous

it may also tell me that the partials in respect to x and y are equal to u and 0...?
 
Checking for exactness,
P = (-2x)sin(x2 - y2)dx, Q = (2y)sin (x2 - y2)dy

dP/dy = (4xy)cos(x^2- y^2)
dQ/dx = (4xy)cos(x^2 - y^2)

dP/dy = dQ/dx, they are exact!
So, don't use the "integration factors", just find the general solution.
 

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