The discussion focuses on calculating the charge on the conducting surfaces of a shell. The net charge equation is established as Q_net = Q1 + Q2, leading to the conclusion that Q2 is -20 nC. The charge on the inner surface of the shell is determined to be -15 nC, while the charge on the outer surface is calculated as -10 nC. The importance of considering the electric field within the conducting material is highlighted to arrive at these values. The calculations confirm the charges on both surfaces based on the principles of electrostatics.