Flux is a measure of the flow of an electric field through a surface. It is calculated by taking the dot product of the electric field and the surface area. Capacitance, on the other hand, is a measure of the ability of a system to store electric charge. The two are related because the amount of flux passing through a surface is directly proportional to the capacitance of the system.
Difference potential is a measure of the potential difference between two points in an electric field. It is calculated by taking the difference in potential between the two points. Voltage, on the other hand, is a measure of the potential difference between two points in a circuit. While they both measure potential difference, difference potential specifically refers to electric fields, whereas voltage can refer to any type of potential difference.
The capacitance of a system can be calculated by dividing the amount of charge stored in the system by the potential difference across the system. It can also be calculated by taking the ratio of the electric flux through the system to the potential difference across the system.
Capacitance and voltage have an inverse relationship, meaning that as capacitance increases, voltage decreases, and vice versa. This relationship can be seen in the formula C = Q/V, where Q represents charge and V represents voltage.
The capacitance of a circuit affects the amount of charge that can be stored in the system and how quickly that charge can be transferred. A higher capacitance means more charge can be stored, and a lower capacitance means less charge can be stored. It also affects the rate of change of voltage in the circuit, as a higher capacitance will take longer to charge and discharge compared to a lower capacitance.