Grade 10 Science Unexplained problems

[Gigahurtz]

Homework Statement

In our grade 10 science course, our teacher shows us that a given problem happens a particular way but not why. This is very frustating when you are the only interested person in the class. These are my more involved chemistry questions.

Homework Equations

1. Why does Hydrogen/ Hydroxide ions make a material acidic or basic?
2. What happens in a single shell atom when it heats up? (ex- Hydrogen --> the electron can't jump a shell when only one exists)(in regards to the quantum leap)
3. How are polyatomic ions formed? Why does Hydroxide violate so many "rules"?
4. When a transition metal has a different charge (ex- Lead II) how does this happen?
5. Do atoms share electrons in a bond? If so, does the electron go in a "figure 8" shape around?
Thanks

The Attempt at a Solution

 

[icystrike]

1. Why does Hydrogen/ Hydroxide ions make a material acidic or basic?
- Read Bronsted Lowry Acid and Base.

2. What happens in a single shell atom when it heats up? (ex- Hydrogen --> the electron can't jump a shell when only one exists)(in regards to the quantum leap)
- Please elaborate ... Basically the shell doesn't exist ... (It is the probability model of the possible location of the electron when it has some amount of energy and etc. )

3. How are polyatomic ions formed? Why does Hydroxide violate so many "rules"?
- Real Formal Charge

4. When a transition metal has a different charge (ex- Lead II) how does this happen?
- Probably the question should be why a transition metal can have variable charge.
Because of the imcomplete d-subshell but there is more details to it which i will not elaborate.

5. Do atoms share electrons in a bond? If so, does the electron go in a "figure 8" shape around?
Share electrons in a bond? Ionic bond? or Covalent bond? Read intramolecular forces
Figure 8 is for your $$P_{x},P_{y},P_{z}$$ Orbitals ...
Go read on Orbitals...

Thanks

If you are really interested, just go to the library and get a book on general chemistry