Gravitation - Changing Orbit Dynamics

In summary, the spaceship's initial velocity after the rocket burn can be calculated as ##v_f = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{4r_0}}## and the minimum and maximum distances from the planet in its new elliptical orbit can be found in terms of ##r_0##.
  • #1
Lord Anoobis
131
22

Homework Statement


A spaceship is in a circular orbit of radius ##r_0## about a planet of mass M. A brief but intense firing of its engine in the forward direction decreases the spaceship's speed by 50%. This causes the spaceship to move into an elliptical orbit.
a) What is the spaceship's, just after the rocket burn is completed, in terms of M, G and ##r_0##?
b) In terms of ##r_0##, what are the spaceship's minimum and maximum distance from the planet in its new orbit?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


Let's look at part a first. This is an even numbered problem and I'm not sure about the answer.
Let ##v_i = 2v_f## and the mass of the ship be m
Just after firing, the movement can still be considered circular and the ship experiences a centripetal acceleration of
##a_r = \frac{F}{m}##, leading to
##\frac{GmM}{r_0^2} = m\frac{(2v_f)^2}{r_0}##
##v_f = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{4r_0}}##
Is this correct?
 
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  • #2
Lord Anoobis said:
Just after firing, the movement can still be considered circular
This statement is a bit misleading. Just calculate the initial velocity in terms of M, G and r0, then you don't need assumptions about the orbit (you know the initial orbit) to find vf.

The answer is right.
 
  • #3
mfb said:
This statement is a bit misleading. Just calculate the initial velocity in terms of M, G and r0, then you don't need assumptions about the orbit (you know the initial orbit) to find vf.

The answer is right.
Looking at now I can see just how obvious and simple it is. But that's what happens when doing physics problems as the time approaches midnight. Thanks for the input.
 

1. What is gravitation?

Gravitation is the natural phenomenon by which physical bodies with mass are attracted to one another.

2. How does gravitation affect the orbit of celestial bodies?

Gravitation causes celestial bodies to orbit around each other in a specific path due to the gravitational pull between them.

3. Can the orbit of a celestial body change?

Yes, the orbit of a celestial body can change due to various factors such as the influence of other celestial bodies, changes in the mass or velocity of the body, or external forces acting on the body.

4. What is the relationship between gravitation and the change of orbit?

The change of orbit is directly related to the strength of the gravitational force between two bodies. The stronger the gravitational force, the more significant the change in orbit will be.

5. How is the change of orbit calculated?

The change of orbit can be calculated using Newton's law of gravitation, which states that the gravitational force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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