Gravitation - Changing Orbit Dynamics

AI Thread Summary
A spaceship in a circular orbit around a planet experiences a 50% decrease in speed due to engine firing, resulting in an elliptical orbit. The initial velocity after the burn can be expressed as v_f = √(GM/4r_0), derived from gravitational and centripetal force equations. The discussion emphasizes that the initial orbit parameters can be used directly to find the new velocity without assumptions about the orbit's nature post-burn. Participants confirm the correctness of the calculations and acknowledge the clarity gained through peer input. The conversation highlights the challenges of solving physics problems under time pressure.
Lord Anoobis
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Homework Statement


A spaceship is in a circular orbit of radius ##r_0## about a planet of mass M. A brief but intense firing of its engine in the forward direction decreases the spaceship's speed by 50%. This causes the spaceship to move into an elliptical orbit.
a) What is the spaceship's, just after the rocket burn is completed, in terms of M, G and ##r_0##?
b) In terms of ##r_0##, what are the spaceship's minimum and maximum distance from the planet in its new orbit?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


Let's look at part a first. This is an even numbered problem and I'm not sure about the answer.
Let ##v_i = 2v_f## and the mass of the ship be m
Just after firing, the movement can still be considered circular and the ship experiences a centripetal acceleration of
##a_r = \frac{F}{m}##, leading to
##\frac{GmM}{r_0^2} = m\frac{(2v_f)^2}{r_0}##
##v_f = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{4r_0}}##
Is this correct?
 
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Lord Anoobis said:
Just after firing, the movement can still be considered circular
This statement is a bit misleading. Just calculate the initial velocity in terms of M, G and r0, then you don't need assumptions about the orbit (you know the initial orbit) to find vf.

The answer is right.
 
mfb said:
This statement is a bit misleading. Just calculate the initial velocity in terms of M, G and r0, then you don't need assumptions about the orbit (you know the initial orbit) to find vf.

The answer is right.
Looking at now I can see just how obvious and simple it is. But that's what happens when doing physics problems as the time approaches midnight. Thanks for the input.
 
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